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EN
The paper addresses the problem of how to increase preservice teachers’ awareness and understanding of the importance of building a broader level of partnership with parents that goes beyond parent-teacher conferences and phone calls. The Ministry of Higher Education in Poland has formally acknowledged that prospective teachers should have knowledge about parents as sites of pedagogical activities, as well as acquire the skills to cooperate with them (Journal of Laws of 2012). In practice, however, preservice teachers’ plans to keep parents of their future pupils at a distance have been well documented. This  may be partly due to the fact that school placements specific requirements in Module 2 referring to 30 hours of pedagogical practice and Module 3 referring to 120 hours of didactic practice do not assume that trainee teachers have any (in)formal contacts with parents during their practicum (Journal of Laws of 2012). Consequently, the cases of contacts with parents during school placements are accidental, isolated and sporadic. Likewise, we doubt that the approach of dictating school mentors as to the types of family-school contacts trainee teachers are to experience can be effective, despite the fact that some school mentors do expect that ‘they are told what to do’. In the paper we describe a qualitative study which reveals that there is a statistically significant amount of evidence of an association between trainees’ personal contacts with parents during their teaching practice and their high opinion about collaboration with parents as regards supporting children in: doing homework, recognizing and developing children’s talents, as well as tackling at home those learning problems which occur during lessons. Keywords: teacher trainees’ beliefs, field experiences, parental involvement, partnership   
EN
Family involvement in education is highlighted as a key factor to boost students’ success. In this paper, we analyze ninth-graders’ discourses on how they see family participation in school-related activities. data derive from 38 biographical interviews involving students from eight public schools from North Portugal. Following a narrative approach, findings emphasize that active involvement of parents make up a fundamental dimension for the consolidation of educational projects. data reveal that mothers play a leader role in the educational setting, while fathers’ lack of participation can impact negatively on students’ trajectories. In addition, research indicates that an extended family can emerge as crucial to the maintenance of a schooling project.
EN
This study aimed to determine teachers’ expectations from parents for effective science teaching and reveal parents’ beliefs on how much they satisfy such expectations. Face-to-face interviews were conducted with 5 science teachers in order to determine teachers’ expectations from parents. “The Scale of Expectations from Parent (SEFP)” was developed by using the findings obtained from the interviews. It was a 5-point Likert-type scale made up of 21 items and including the scale of “parental support” and “sense of responsibility”. The developed scale was delivered to the parents of the students of the teachers participating in the interview. The research results indicated that parents’ levels of satisfying the expectations were a significant predictor of science achievement.
EN
The background to the study examines parental involvement in education as a form of social capital and focuses on how involvement may be developed through three dimensions of social capital: bonding, bridging, and linking. Both groups (students and parents) were surveyed using questionnaires. The data of two different studies have been used: a cross-sectional study carried out in sixty-five schools in Estonia and a study of a comprehensive school to introduce practical implementations of the findings. The results of the studies indicate a high degree of readiness for cooperation from both sides - parents and the school, even though their understanding of responsibilities slightly differ. Parents and teachers should have mutual power and influence regarding the child's education, although schools have to take the prime responsibility in organizing the cooperation process.
EN
This study investigated the relationships between various affective variables and two measures of competence in English, for 190 South Korean high school students. A 55-item questionnaire was used to measure attitudes (Attitudes toward English Speakers and their Communities and Attitudes toward the English-speaking Culture), motivation (Motivational Intensity, Desire to Learn and Attitudes toward the Learning of English), amotivation, parental involvement (Active Parental Encouragement, Passive Parental Encouragement and Parental Pressure), parental disinterest and students’ competence in L2 (English- EXAM and English-SELF). Pearson product-moment coefficients indicate that active and passive forms of parental encouragement correlate with motivationto learn, as conceptualized by Gardner (1985, 2010), as well as with parental pressure, which suggests that South Korean students report undergoing forms of pressure when their parents actively or passively encourage them. Furthermore, the obtained correlations of the active and passive forms of encouragement with different variables suggest that the two forms represent two distinct concepts. While parental disinterest correlated negatively with motivational variables, parental pressure correlated only with motivational intensity, and only weakly. Therefore, parental pressure seems not to interact significantly with participants’ attitudes, motivation and competence. Multiple linear regression analyses confirm the importance of motivation to learn for students' L2 competence.
EN
This study investigated the relationships between various affective variables and two measures of competence in English, for 190 South Korean high school students. A 55-item questionnaire was used to measure attitudes (Attitudes toward English Speakers and their Communities and Attitudes toward the English-speaking Culture), motivation (Motivational Intensity, Desire to Learn and Attitudes toward the Learning of English), amotivation, parental involvement (Active Parental Encouragement, Passive Parental Encouragement and Parental Pressure), parental disinterest and students’ competence in L2 (English- EXAM and English-SELF). Pearson product-moment coefficients indicate that active and passive forms of parental encouragement correlate with motivationto learn, as conceptualized by Gardner (1985, 2010), as well as with parental pressure, which suggests that South Korean students report undergoing forms of pressure when their parents actively or passively encourage them. Furthermore, the obtained correlations of the active and passive forms of encouragement with different variables suggest that the two forms represent two distinct concepts. While parental disinterest correlated negatively with motivational variables, parental pressure correlated only with motivational intensity, and only weakly. Therefore, parental pressure seems not to interact significantly with participants’ attitudes, motivation and competence. Multiple linear regression analyses confirm the importance of motivation to learn for students' L2 competence.
EN
Apart from changing learning and teaching habits, the COVID-19 pandemic has also affected the way parents involve themselves in learning from home. This study explores the challenges parents face when participating in online learning during the COVID-19 pandemic and what ways can be done to encourage students to learn mathematics online. We use multiple case studies to achieve research objectives. This study involved eight mothers of children in elementary school. Six of them are housewives, and the rest are government employees. Semi-structured interviews were used to gather data. Aside from technical constraints such as the availability of internet networks and infrastructure, the findings of this study show that technological literacy and parental involvement in cognitive, emotional, social, and pedagogical aspects are still lacking. We discussed four key findings, including issues with network availability and technological literacy, issues with parents’ routine work and how to accompany their children, parents’ beliefs about mathematics, and parental involvement in cognitive, affective, social, and pedagogical aspects. Finally, the parents’ learning community must be accommodated, developed, and assisted for their involvement to be more effective.
PL
Since the concept of the ‘school’ has existed, the triangle of parents, teachers, and students, in all that relates to the parental involvement in the school, has constituted a significant factor that saw ‘ups and downs’ over the years. Some supported the separation between the student’s home and the school, while others saw the connection and cooperation between them to be essential. This article examines students’ attitudes towards their parents’ involvement in school. This article will present the difficulties adolescents have with their parents’ authority and treatments for the era in which we live. Some research studies have found a correlation between parental involvement and its impact on children. The research study diagnoses the students’ positions according to quantitative questionnaires that were built and used. After analyzing quantitative questionnaires, the research attempted to draw conclusions about the tension that exists between the theories and studies showing the benefits of parental involvement regarding the results of the quantitative questionnaires.
EN
The paper focuses on pedagogical theory and practice, which was brought to the fore about a year ago in relation to the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors deal particularly with the implementation of electronic media into family-school cooperation. The paper presents mainly the views and theories of authors from abroad, where the issue is more researched than in Slovakia. These are maintained by selected empirical data obtained by the authors during the pedagogical practice by means of the research carried out during the first lockdown in Slovakia (2020). We obtained the results by providing an online questionnaire. The research sample consisted of teachers at the primary level of education and parents of primary school pupils. It can be observed that traditional face-to-face ways of communication are still favoured among parents and teachers and that various barriers determine the so-called e-nvolvement of parents in parent-teacher cooperation. Another dimension of family-school cooperation is represented by an insufficient preparation of both parents and teachers.
EN
Aim. The paper attempts to explore the impact ofrivate tutoring in light of the equity-related concerns especially in the context of the Indian society. Private tutoring is a phenomenon that has been an intrinsic part of the Indian education system since the 1980s. Methods. The paper is an outcome of the Masters of Philosophy dissertation work of the scholar submitted to National University of Education Planning and Administration, Delhi, India. Results. The structure of private tutoring is such that it mimics the regular school curriculum and modifies itself to match the needs of the school and the children. Any changes in the regular school curriculum bring a change in its supplement as well. It thus behaves like a shadow of the regular schools. Though private tutoring was believed to enhance learning opportunities of weak students, it has now become a 'parity of prestige' issue. Conclusion. The expansion of tutoring has begun to deepen the inequalities already prevalent in the stratified schooling system and society at large.
EN
This paper is an attempt to look at parenthood in the context of supporting the child in the educational process. It emphasizes the idea that educational success and further achievement and well-being of the child largely depend on the way and quality of educational role performed by parents. Other important factors include parents’ social and professional status, financial situation as well as parental awareness and responsibility. The results of survey research used in this work show that the students of Rzeszów University Teaching Faculty see a considerable need of parental involvement in the teaching process of their offspring, which results mainly from a faulty school system. The findings of the research are useful for teaching practice. Firstly, it seems that nowadays there is a need to look for new solutions that would make school and teachers closer to the real needs and capabilities of children and their parents. On the other hand, there is also a growing need for intensified educational activity directed to parents and potential parents aimed primarily at developing responsible parenting attitudes.
EN
The study examined two types of parenting and their relationships with the parents’ involvement in the education of their children. A small-scale study1 of one classroom at a urban public school in the Czech Republic suggests that children from families with different backgrounds and different attained education perceive distinct types of parental upbringing styles in relation to their education achievement: the article discusses helicopter and submarine parenting. The main interest is dedicated to helicopter and submarine parenting in their weak and contradictory forms since the research revealed these two forms to be the most prevalent in the studied classroom. As the research data indicates, these two parental models are associated with specific dimensions of emotional capital. The survey revealed that the children of helicopter parents clearly benefit from parental involvement since their parents effectively transform their emotional capital into cultural capital.
EN
Historically there have been inequities in access to school in South Africa. Differences in languages have also contributed to difficulties. In the present study a Grade One class was observed for a term as they entered formal schooling. Cultural psychology was used as the method, developing a description of the context and narrowing the observations to ten and then five children. Five school homes visits were done and one of these case studies is described here. Given the socio-economic literacy context, the child did extremely well, being self-motivated and supported by an aware single parent. The usefulness of the Cultural Psychological method is described.
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