Search results - CEJSH

1

Innovations in the Practice of Production and Trade Enterprises in EU Countries

100%

Burinskienė A., Janušauskienė V. M.

Ekonomia. Wrocław Economic Review

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2016

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vol. 22

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issue 1

9-33

EN

Modern theories are increasingly focusing on innovations. Scientific literature states that the implementation of innovations causes increase in sales volume: enterprises are improving the organization of production and trade methods, reducing production and trade costs, producing and selling competitive products as a result of technological progress. Technological progress also influences the development of production and trade prospects. Although the implementation of innovations is different, the main aspects are related to the novelty of product, production and service R&D intensity and the qualification of employees. Enterprises without the capacity to innovate may invest time and resources in studies of research results but are unable to transform this knowledge into practice (Hult et al., 2004). In such sense it is important to create innovative behaviors and related outcomes on country level (Koellinger, Thurik, 2009). Production and trade enterprises have a significant impact on the national economy, but the number of enterprises that have excellent understanding about innovations and their results is not sufficient. Sales of the trade enterprises in the European Union amount to 66%, and 74% of gross domestic product (GDP) in Lithuania. At the same time sales of the production enterprises in the European Union amount to 15.5% of GDP, and in Lithuania — 21% of GDP. Production and trade enterprises play a significant part among business companies. In corporate structure of the European Union 9.8% of companies are production companies which employ 22.6% of EU workers, while in the structure of the European Union 28.6% of companies are trade companies and these companies employ 24.7% of EU workers. However, in the trade sector there are 90% of companies, and in the production — 84% of companies with up to nine employees (Euro-stat, 2010). Nevertheless, the European Commission’s (2013) study shows the declining contribution of production enterprises to GDP. Eurostat (2010) statistics show that small and medium-sized manufacturing companies are very slow to improve their operations and labor productivity. The EU companies are anticipated to increase by only 2.4% compared with the US companies, where growth of labor productivity is 3.5% Therefore, innovations are also important for the EU trade and production companies. To sum up the above set out material, it can be said that the application of innovations must be considered as a very complex cognitive subject. The article consists of three parts to fully examine the implementation of innovations in production and trade enterprises. First, literature analysis is carried out and topic related aspects are identified. In the second part the paper presents empirical research methodology. Herein, practices of production and trade enterprises are presented, comparison of production and trade enterprises is carried out, and effects on the activeness of enterprises regarding the opportunities of innovation implementation in this area are analyzed. In the third part the article presents empirical research results, conclusions and recommendations. Literature analysis reveals that the greatest role innovation plays in international companies, however the number of such enterprises is very small in the EU. The results also show that production and trade companies from Luxembourg have higher competitiveness than the enterprises from other countries. Overall the paper glances into whether, to what extent, how companies innovate, and how this differs between production and trade service industries.

2

Changes in Self-Sufficiency in Beef and Pork in Selected Central and Eastern Europe Markets

100%

Kubala S.

Problemy Zarządzania

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2018

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issue 6/2018 (79), t.1

96-107

EN

Food self-sufficiency is considered a priority for modern economies. The meat market is among the most developed food markets in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe. Their accession to the European Union opened up new markets to producers, while raising competition levels. The aim of the article is to assess the level of self-sufficiency in beef and pork in selected countries of Central and Eastern Europe in 2005-2017. Simplified indicators of food self-sufficiency were used, with focus on measures of technical and economic self-sufficiency. Technical self-sufficiency was measured on the basis of the volume of foreign trade; the amount of meat produced per capita and the ratio of meat consumption to production were also taken into account. Economic self-sufficiency was assessed on the basis the value of foreign trade. Considerable differences in terms of self-sufficiency have been found among the countries of Central and Eastern European. It turns out that Poland, Lithuania and Estonia have the safest beef policy, while Hungary and Estonia are leaders in terms of pork production policies. Domestic beef production satisfies the demand in the majority of countries of Central and Eastern Europe; when it comes to pork, only Poland is self-sufficient. The lowest degree of beef and pork self-sufficiency has been observed in Bulgaria and Slovakia; Slovenia is least self-sufficient in terms of pork production.

3

Improving the production planning and control process

100%

Jolanta Ł.

Zarządzanie i Finanse

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2015

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vol. 4

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issue 1

119-130

PL

Focusing the activities of a production business on the strategy based on quality entails orientation on meeting the expectations of the customers with respect to the product itself, and the terms of its delivery. The article notes the role of the production planning and control process in improving the quality of the business offer. It identifies the objectives set for the process from the perspective of meeting the expectations of both the external client and internal client, the latter being the production process. The article points to the key problems which hinder meeting customers’ expectations, and indicates the directions of perfecting the process, connected with improvement of the production system throughput, steps taken to attain the information and material flow according to the pull strategy and lean principles, and flexibility combined with production intelligence.

4

Job Assignment of Graduates of the University of Bucharest and Their Integration in the Labor System of the 1980s

88%

Rotaru M.

International Review of Social Research

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2014

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vol. 4

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issue 2

153-162

EN

According to the official communist rhetoric, the assignment of higher education graduates to socialist enterprises and/or institutions was ‘an action with profound social-political meanings, which aims to ensure the production units and other areas which the specialists they need’. The closure of the top most populated 14 cities starting with 1981 combined with the economic crisis of the 1980s and with various measures of the regime perceived as absurd, and made the system more restrictive than ever before. This study focuses on the changes of the job supply for graduates of the University of Bucharest during the 1980s, and on the process of assigning graduates to their work-place.

5

Affix Acquisition Order in Serbian EFL Learners

88%

Danilović J., Savić J. D., Dimitrijević M.

Romanian Journal of English Studies

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2013

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vol. 10

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issue 1

77-88

EN

Given that affix knowledge plays a vital role in the development of L1/L2 knowledge, the aim of this paper is to explore Mochizuki and Aizawa’s (2000) notion about the order of affix acquisition in the Serbian EFL context. We will attempt to analyze correlations between the EFL learners’ vocabulary size and their affix knowledge and postulate the order of affix acquisition.

6

THE PECULIARITIES OF BUDGETARY FINANCING THE PUBLIC GOODS PRODUCTION IN THE EUROPEAN UNION COUNTRIES: THE LESSONS OF POLAND FOR UKRAINE

88%

Kichurchak M.

Acta Universitatis Lodziensis. Folia Oeconomica

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2014

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vol. 1

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issue 299

EN

The peculiarities of distribution and use of budgetary facilities for the public goods production in the EU countries, including Poland, are considered and possibilities of adaptation of this experience to the Ukrainian conditions are determined in the article. The author has made the comparative analysis of the structure of general budgetary expenditures in the EU countries and Ukraine, revealed the regularities of financing the public goods production on the basis of calculating the elasticity of general budgetary expenditures by function to GDP, the index of the structure change in general budgetary expenditures and implementing the cluster analysis, and suggested certain recommendations concerning the improvement of financing public goods production in Ukrainian economy taking into account euro–integration aspirations.

7

РОЗВИТОК СІЛЬСЬКОГО ГОСПОДАРСТВА ТА ЙОГО ІНВЕСТИЦІЙНЕ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ

88%

В.О. Н.

Zeszyty Naukowe PWSZ w Płocku. Nauki Ekonomiczne

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2014

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vol. 19

EN

The article analyzes the current state of agriculture in Ukraine. Definitely investments in fixed capital industry.

8

Oil price shocks and the US economy: What makes the latest oil price episode different?

88%

Gadea M. D., Gomez-Loscos A.

International Economics Letters

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2014

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vol. 3

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issue 2

36-44

EN

This paper distinguishes different periods in the relationship between oil price shocks, economic growth, and inflation for the US economy. Focusing on the latest period, covering mainly the noughties, a change is found in the exogeneity pattern associated with recent oil price episodes. A significant effect of GDP growth on oil price movements is identified, while there is no evidence of any influence of the latter on either GDP growth or inflation found.

9

Na zewnątrz pomarańcza, a w środku kiwi

88%

Dłubacz A.

Edukacja Biologiczna i Środowiskowa

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2012

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issue 4

63-69

EN

Genetically modified organism (GMO) is a body created by the artificial change in the genetic material. Although men from dozens of thousands of years have interfered in the genetic information, crossbreeding individuals with selected features, the discovery of the sequence of the DNA helix was a particularly important development, made by Watson and Crick in 1953. From this point genetic engineering has developed in such a way that made possible the modification of organisms in vitro, then transferring them to the environment. Thanks to using GMOs more and more medication can be produced. It is also possible to achieve a higher quality crops and reduce the number of hungry people in the world. However, there are scientists who question the safety reviews of products made from genetically modified organisms.

10

Problems of Mechanical Engineering Development in Ukraine

88%

Ishchuk S., Sozanskyy L.

Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Częstochowskiej. Zarządzanie

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2021

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issue 44

22-35

EN

Mechanical engineering is the most innovative segment of the world economy and especially the economy of industrial European countries. The purpose of this article is to analytically identify the problems and outline the prospects for the development of mechanical engineering in Ukraine. According to the results of the authors’ research, the dynamics and features of production and foreign economic activity of mechanical engineering enterprises in Ukraine within the regional context are determined. The dependence of the Ukrainian economy on imports of mechanical engineering products is calculated, and the share of imports in the costs of Ukrainian mechanical engineering productions is determined. The key trends in the development of mechanical engineering in Ukraine during 2010-2020 are substantiated. The measures of the state industrial policy directed at overcoming the challenges and threats in the development of Ukrainian mechanical engineering in the conditions of globalization are offered.

11

On planning production and distribution with disrupted supply chains

88%

Szufel P.

Przegląd Statystyczny

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2022

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vol. 69

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issue 2

20-36

EN

This paper presents a model for short-term time-horizon production and distribution planning of a manufacturing company located in the middle of a supply chain. The model focuses on an unbalanced market with broken supply chains. This reflects the state of the current post-COVID-19 economy, which is additionally struggling with even more uncertainty and disruptions due to the Russian aggression against Ukraine. The manufacturer, operating on the post-pandemic and post-war market, on the one hand observes a soaring demand for its products, and on the other faces uncertainty regarding the availability of components (parts) used in the manufacturing process. The goal of the company is to maximise profits despite the uncertain availability of intermediate products. In the short term, the company cannot simply raise prices, as it is bound by long-term contracts with its business partners. The company also has to maintain a good relationship with its customers, i.e. businesses further in the supply chain, by proportionally dividing its insufficient production and trying to match production planning with the observed demand. The post-COVID-19 production-planning problem has been addressed with a robust mixed integer optimisation model along with a dedicated heuristic, which makes it possible to find approximate solutions in a large-scale real-world setting.

12

Czynniki warunkujące opłacalność produkcji wybranych produktów rolniczych w perspektywie 2020 roku

88%

Skarżyńska A.

Zagadnienia Ekonomiki Rolnej

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2015

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issue 1(342)

57-73

EN

Volatility of farming conditions makes farmers resort ever more often to different tools helping them in the decision-making process. What also increases is the demand for results of forecasts and projections which are aimed at encouraging to take up actions to strengthen the development trend considered as favourable or to counteract the one recognized as undesirable. The results of projections for 2020, prepared under ordinary conditions, i.e. resulting from long-term trends, point to decreasing profitability of winter wheat farming by 2.4 percentage points, and spring barley by 8.6 percentage points given a stronger growth rate of costs over income. For rye and winter rape farming, it is expected that profitability will improve by 6.2 and 4.8 percentage points, respectively. Whereas, the profitability of sugar beet farming will most likely remain at a level similar to the reference years for the projection (2011-2013). Research showed that fluctuations in the selling prices, which are caused by changes over the years, have a stronger impact on the level of income than crop fluctuations. Rye and rape are the most sensitive to crop and price fluctuations. Costs are another important element of profitability account. Among the examined field crops, rye farming was characterized by the greatest sensitivity, which means that a unit change in their level has the strongest impact on a change in income.

13

Variability and systematicity in individual learners’ Japanese lexical accent

88%

Taylor B.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2011

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vol. 47

146

EN

This paper presents novel experimental production data to establish generalisations about the accent patterns produced by individual English learners of Japanese. 21 British English learners read aloud tokens varying in word type (two- and three-mora nouns and verbs) and speech environment (in isolation and preceding a function word) and native speakers identified the accent types produced. The results show both considerable between-learner variability and within-learner systematicity. The accent types produced are seen to vary with word type and speech environment, but both how they vary and which accent types are produced are shown to be individual to the learner. It is suggested that this combination of between-learner variability and within-learner systematicity may be the result of a difficulty in phonologically encoding Japanese lexical accent.

14

Teoria systemów-światów Immanuela Wallersteina i jej recepcja w archeologii: część III – okres wpływów rzymskich

87%

Ciesielska A.

Folia Praehistorica Posnaniensia

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2018

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vol. 23

23-48

EN

Immanuel Wallerstein’s centre-periphery model lies at the root of many archaeological studies, particularly studies of romanisation. One of them has been an article written by Peter S. Wells, but we have also studies done by Richard Higley concerning Roman Britain, Susan Frankenstein and Michael Rowland concerning the social hierarchy in Roman Germany. Actually several archaeologists tried to study these topic according to the Wallerstein’s world-systems theory. We can observe that the application of the theory into archaeology has always very important heuristic value.

15

Internalization and Production of Metaphorical Expressions with EFL Students

75%

Radić-Bojanić B.

Romanian Journal of English Studies

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2013

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vol. 10

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issue 1

135-144

EN

The paper presents the results of qualitative research with 20 EFL students, who were exposed to structured metaphorical input for one academic year. It will be demonstrated how metaphorical expressions covered in classes are used spontaneously by students in writing tasks some time after they had been introduced and practiced, which is clear evidence of internalization that surfaces during production.

16

Transportation Needs of Entrepreneurs in Wroclaw Agglomeration – Study Results

75%

Yedes Y., Chelbi A., Rezeg N.

Logistics and Transport

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2011

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vol. 12

89-100

EN

This paper deals with the integrated supply chain management problem in the context of a single vendor-single buyer system for which the production unit is assumed to randomly shift from an in-control to an out-of-control state. Two different strategies, integrating production, shipment and maintenance policies, are proposed and compared to satisfy the buyers order at a minimum integrated total cost rate. The first strategy is based on a classical production policy for which the buyer’s order of size nQ is manufactured continuously and shipped by lots of size Q. The second strategy suggests that the same buyer’s order should be produced and shipped separately by equal sized lots Q. For both strategies, a corrective or preventive maintenance action is performed at the end of each production cycle, depending on the state of the production unit, and a new setup is carried out. The total integrated average cost per time unit is considered as the performance criterion allowing choosing the best policy for any given situation.

17

Cross borders companies and worldwide industry management. Past, present, and future for businesses at time of slowbalization.

75%

Ditta G.

Academicus. International Scientific Journal

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2022

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vol. 13

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issue 26

78-92

EN

Emerging markets are once again gaining the upper hand. According to the World Bank, current market trends indicate that emerging economies will account for more than 70% of global economic output by 2050. With the economic enigmas and the return of emerging economies, three billion new people have suddenly integrated into the global economy, all at once: one and a half billion Chinese, one billion Indians, and half a billion people from the former Soviet bloc. How then can the strategy that predominates in the internationalization of a company be identified? In this study we will define the necessary internal organization of a company and its activities and establish what changes must be made in the internal structure of employees regarding quantity, qualification, training and facilities for machines, technology, processes, and quality control. Before starting to promote the company internationally, it is advisable to check whether the brand can be used or whether it should be changed. In 2020, the COVID-19 pandemic had profoundly affected international trade, investment and travel. The pandemic has slowed the physical movement of people, goods and services, which is also the slowbalization thesis, and this now deserves careful consideration. The goal of this paper is to examine the objective of internationalization and the international development of companies. In this study are introduced the theoretical basis and a discussion on how exporting companies need nowadays to ask the right questions and how the analysis of the economic management can help internationalize their business. The second part of the study includes the results and conclusions.

18

Exchange of goods while investing into production and safety

75%

HAUSKEN K.

Operations Research and Decisions

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2013

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vol. 23

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issue 1

29-35

EN

The tradeoff between production and safety investment is scrutinized for two agents who convert resources into production and safety investment while simultaneously exchanging goods voluntarily. We quantify how two Cobb–Douglas parameters, one scaling production versus safety, and the other scaling the relative importance of two goods, impact two agents’ production, safety effort, incomes, export, import, price, and utilities. An agent’s income from producing a good reaches a maximum for an intermediate value of the Cobb–Douglas parameter that scales the importance of productive effort relative to safety effort. The price of good 2 in terms of good 1, and the agents’ utilities depend on both the Cobb–Douglas parameters, the productivity parameter, and both agents’ resources and unit costs of production and safety effort.

19

Paradygmat produkcyjno-konsumpcyjno-mediacyjny

75%

Lees-Maffei G.

Artium Quaestiones

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2021

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issue 32

251-293

EN

This is a translation of a seminal, historiographic and methodological article by Grace Lees-Maffei concerning design history as an area of study and an academic discipline,originally published as: “The Production-Consumption-Mediation Paradigm” in: „Journal of Design History” 2009, 22(4), p. 351–376. Translated by Filip Lipiński

20

Między gramatyką a słownikiem – słowotwórstwo w perspektywie glottodydaktycznej

75%

Seretny A., Stefańczyk W.

Postscriptum Polonistyczne

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2015

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issue 2(16)

45-61

EN

Knowledge of word formation is an important element of the grammatical competencies of native speakers. Studying forms and functions of derivates and practising using them is also extremely important for foreigners studying Polish. This article contributes to the discussion about the position and function of word formation in the process of education. The authors claim that a specific system of derivation must determine the way in which it is taught. Critical analysis of solutions that have been used in glottodidactics, suggest a new approach, which would place the didactics of word formation ‘between’ grammar and vocabulary.

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