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Studia Ełckie
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2016
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vol. 18
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issue 4
327 - 338
EN
The aim of the article is to present the notion of Americanization and the perception of America in Poland by one specific group, that is very young Poles. While the role of the American culture keeps changing, the mirror of these changes can be observed in Polish children’s perception of the United States and its inhabitants. This article attempts to measure the impact and the level of Americanization of Polish students, based on surveys conducted in an elementary school in Ełk. The study involved two questionnaires, one focusing on how well students know America and how they construct its meaning based on the sources from which they learn about the United States, and the second concerned the young Poles’ fascination with McDonald’s restaurants. The con-clusion of the study is that the construction of America is largely distorted, even though the students have correct basic knowledge about this country, while at the same time there is definitely an ongoing process of Americaniza-tion in Poland.
EN
The article deals with master program in foreign language education at New York University Steinhardt (US). Thus, its peculiarities have been revealed. It has been defined that the study program presupposes mastering of foreign language teaching approaches that meet various needs of learners. It has been indicated that students acquire the understanding of educational conditions as well as economic, social and cultural factors influencing learning; develop professional knowledge of linguistics, (foreign) language acquisition, (foreign) language pedagogy, etc. The curriculum of the program is based on block-modular and interdisciplinary approaches that results in considerable flexibility. In addition, students have excellent opportunities to gain valuable practical experience and strengthen professional teaching skills during student teaching placements including abroad. It has been concluded that professional training of future specialists in the field of foreign language education on the example of New York University contributes to forming of modern, competitive philologists able to apply the latest teaching technologies, forms and methods to the educational process and adapt to fast-changing conditions of the educational environment. It has been emphasized that the abovementioned positive aspects of US experience in training foreign language teachers can be taken into account while developing national curricula in education, philology, linguistics, applied linguistics etc.
EN
The article determines the meaning of confrontation between the leading centers of international pressure. According to the geographical status, Ukraine can be the main confrontation object between the USA, Russia, and the EU in order to show their presence in the Eurasian region. Nowadays Ukraine is considered to be one of the key countries that can transform the world order.
4
86%
EN
This article analyzes Kathryn Stockett’s The Help (2009) with the main focus on the presentation of the ubiquitous problem of racism experienced by African Americans in the United States. Specifically, it demonstrates shameful, humiliating and unbearable living conditions of black maids in the 1960s in Jackson, Mississippi. It discusses different types of racism, such as overt, institutional, and structural, which occur in this community. Additionally, this paper provides an overview of the history of racism in the USA. The purpose of this article is to examine the history of interracial relationships in the USA, which sheds light on the problem of white supremacy, as well as demonstrates the damaging consequences of racial prejudice. However, the main objective of the paper is to analyse the relationships between white and black characters inhabiting Jackson, Mississippi as depicted in Kathryn Stockett’s The Help.
EN
The article deals with studying the peculiarities of environmental education system in the USA. It has been defined that US environmental policy includes governmental actions at the federal, state and local level. It has been identified that US environmental education is characterized by an extraordinary variety of forms, directions and methodological approaches, deep penetration of the ideas of environmental ethics in the content of all the disciplines, extensive involvement of communities and, in particular, public non-governmental organizations in the process of forming US citizens’ careful and responsible attitude to the environment. It has been stated that the system of US Environmental Education aims to provide a solution to such problems: to ensure citizens’ close contact with the environment; to contribute to the forming of environmentally friendly styles of behaviour and activities; to form a set of knowledge about the environment as a system of interconnected natural, economic and social factors; to involve students in solving local environmental problems. It has been found out that since 1970 Environmental Protection Agency has been operating in the USA. It has been mentioned that Environmental Protection Agency implements an environmental law by writing regulations and set national environmental standards. It has been indicated that Environmental Protection Agency has created the Office of Environmental Education so that national leadership may be provided and environmental literacy may be increased. It has been denoted that main goals of the the Office of Environmental Education include design and implementation of curricula and training programs for environmental education for both pupils and adults; organization of seminars, conferences and discussions on ugent environmental issues; cooperation with state education departments and other agencies. Consequently, recommendations that may be used by native educators to improve the national system of environmetal education have been presented.
EN
In the article the systems of continuing pedagogical education in Great Britain, Canada and the USA have been characterized. The main objectives are defined as the theoretical analysis of scientific-pedagogical literature, which highlights different aspects of the problem under research; identification of the common and distinctive features of the systems of continuing pedagogical education in Great Britain, Canada, the USA. The legislative and normative framework of teachers’ CPD in Great Britain, Canada and the USA has been highlighted; the levels of the systems of continuing pedagogical education have been presented; the main functions of these systems have been determined; the key models, forms and methods of teachers’ CPD have been defined. Foreign and domestic scientists have studied the teachers’ CPD: teacher leadership (T. Bush, M. Clement, D. Jackson, D. Pavlou, R. Venderberghe), models, forms and methods of teachers’ CPD (L. Chance, A. Hollingsworth, D. Ross, E. Villegas-Reimers), non-formal teachers’ CPD (J. Scheerens). The research methodology comprises theoretical (logical, induction and deduction, comparison and compatibility, structural and systematic, analysis and synthesis) and applied (observations, questioning and interviewing) methods. The research results have been presented.
7
86%
Puls Uczelni
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2012
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issue 3
10-12
PL
Starzenie się społeczeństw i coraz liczniejsze potrzeby zdrowotne populacji w wieku podeszłym były powodem rozwoju form stacjonarnej opieki długoterminowej. W pracy przedstawiono amerykański system zintegrowanych form opieki (doraźnej w nagłych przypadkach i stałej w zaburzeniach przewlekłych) wraz ze wskazaniem struktur w ramach których funkcjonują osoby w wieku podeszłym w USA.
EN
The continued aging of societies with more and more health needs has made necessary the development of more stationary long-term care in the advanced age. An American system of integrated forms of the care was presented at work (temporary in emergencies and the constant in lengthy disorders), together with emphasis in which people are functional at this advanced age in the USA.
8
Content available remote

Turkey’s “New” Middle East or More of the Same

86%
PL
Turkey’s Middle East policy has been changed a lot in time but the most dramatic one has happened during the reign of the AKP government. As the political Islam tendency in Turkey has evolved, the economic, political and cultural relations with the Middle East have developed in parallel. Besides, the Turkish democracy, which seems to solve its problems with Islam, is shown by some people as a “model” for the Middle Eastern countries. It is a fact that the recent Gezi protests in Turkey constitute some doubts about the success of this model but the impact of AKP’s new foreign policy on the Middle Eastern politics is clear. With the “zero problems policy” and the “new activism” era in Turkish foreign policy, Turkey has focused on the Middle East more than ever. However, to evaluate this change as a complete turn from Turkey’s centuryold westernization and a shift in its identity would be a misreading of the developments. In fact, this change could be interpreted as another phase in its strategic foreign policy enriched with an opening to the East. In this context, this article tries to discuss the new orientation of Turkey upon old grounds in the Middle East according to its new focus between the regional dynamics and global actors.Full text: http://bazhum.muzhp.pl/czasopismo/589/?idno=14763
EN
The paper makes reference to the history of the Schwenkfelder Church – a most original and, to a large extent, forgotten religious union. The Church was established by Caspar Schwenkfeld von Ossig (1489–1561) – a religious reformer, a preacher who was active within the Protestant movement in the area of Lower Silesia. The followers of Schwenkfeld (the Schwenkfeldists) remained in a certain doctrinal opposition towards the then dominant Protestant denominations and also – which is obvious – towards the Catholic Church. To some they were thus dissidents, to others – heretics. Their number oscillated around 1.300–1.500 people. In the first half of the 13th century, part of the Schwenkfeldists emigrated from Lower Silesia to America. In 1976, a group of followers of the Schwenkfelder Church from the USA undertook to regain the old cemetery (including the commemorative obelisk erected within the cemetery’s borders) that had belonged to this denominational community, which was located on a private farm in Twardocice, in the former Province of Legnica. The endeavours of the followers of the Schwenkfelder Church turned successful only after many years. Thanks to the personal engagement, among others, of a representative of the US Senate, on 2 August 2003, it was possible to once again consecrate the monument in the cemetery in Twardocice. The author essays also to present the actions related to the whole issue under discussion, which were taken by the administration of the People’s Republic of Poland.
EN
The importance of professional development of labor force directly in the workplace has been proved. It’s revealed that this is due not only to questions of advanced training, but also to the improvement of the situation on the labor market of unskilled groups of citizen. The current labor market recognizes the value and importance of people. Along with this a key and fundamental is stability and predictability in the workplace. It is proved that in the center of each production system are people and their collective beliefs and behavior of production culture. An important point here has their adaptation to the new and conditions of work. The requirements of the labor market to the production staff in terms of different employers have been defined. It is revealed that the professional development of labor force according to labor market requirements is not isolated events, but the use of various programs (including program TWI “J”), continuous implementation of “lean tools”, vehicles, methods, ways of staff thinking.
PL
W artykule autorka analizuje strukturę współczesnej imigracji w Stanach Zjednoczonych Ameryki, która istotnie zmieniła się w wyniku liberalizacji polityki imigracyjnej USA w drugiej połowie XX wieku. „Ustawa o imigracji” z 1965 roku doprowadziła do istotnej zmiany parametrów ilościowych i jakościowych imigracji. Istotne zmiany, w szczególności, odbyły się w strukturze etnicznej.
EN
The authoress analyzes the composition of current immigration to the United States of America that was significantly changed as a result of the US immigration policy liberalization at the second half of the 20th c. ,,1965 Immigration and Nationality Act” caused significant changes in the quantity and quality composition of the immigration, in particular in immigrants’ ethnic origin.
EN
This article reviews the academic literature on the regional security complex of the South Caucasus, which has been drawing the attention of the academic community for a long time. The paper aims to examine the security dynamics in the South Caucasus with a focus on Azerbaijan and a way in which domestic security is interconnected and linked to the region`s neighborhood and global arena. The conceptual framework for the paper is the regional security complex theory, elaborated by Barry Buzan and Ole Wæver. South Caucasus is an unstable region with several secessionist conflicts and interstate wars, exposed to the influence of its neighbors, which shape the regional security environment. Besides, the region is riven by geopolitical fractures as regional states have various foreign policy orientations, which hampers the resolution of regional conflicts and complicates cooperation. The research is carried at three levels of analysis - the domestic level, reviewing internal vulnerabilities and state to state relations, interregional level, examining dynamics between regional and neighboring states, and the last level - global, considering the interplay between regional and the world-leading powers. Correspondingly, sections of the paper study internal challenges and threats of the regional states, examine relations between Azerbaijan, Armenia, Georgia, and their neighborhood - Turkey, Iran, Russia, as well as global powers - the EU and the US to analyze similar and conflicting interests and patterns of influence. The article concludes that the South Caucasus security environment is unstable, hampered by the failure of democratic transformation and unresolved conflicts, namely Nagorno-Karabakh, which Russia uses as a tool to keep Caucasian states in a sphere of its influence. It is evident that Azerbaijan plays a vital role in the production and transit of hydrocarbons from the Caspian region to Europe. Therefore, it is crucial to eliminate threats coming from the region and to ensure the security of energy infrastructure, carrying energy resources westwards.
EN
In the article the theoretical framework of public school teachers’ continuing professional development (CPD) in Great Britain, Canada and the USA has been presented. The main objectives have been defined as theoretical analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, which highlights different aspects of the problem under research; presentation and characteristic of two models: the model of unification and the model of diversification of teachers’ professional development in the systems of continuing pedagogical education of Great Britain, Canada and the USA by the dominant traits. Their major components have been defined and specified. Public school teachers’ CPD has been studied by foreign and domestic scientists: content of public school teachers’ CPD (N. Dana Fichtman, M. Rees, A. Ross, S. Zepeda); CPD programs (C. Pratt); public school teachers’ CPD models, methods and forms (K. Duinlan, P. Grimmet, G. Troia, P. Wong); continuous professional education (Ya. Belmaz, А. Kuzminskyy, O. Kuznyetsova). The research methodology comprises theoretical (logical, induction and deduction, comparison and compatibility, structural and systematic, analysis and synthesis) and applied (observations, questioning and interviewing) methods. The research results have been presented.
EN
The article deals with revealing the essence and structure of Masters’ of Public Administration professional training in the USA. It has been concluded that Public Administration studies the realization of government policies and trains future public administrators for professional activity; is guided by political science and administrative law; aims to improve the justice, equality, security and efficiency of public services. It has been indicated that the MPA degree is dedicated for those willing to work in public sector. It has been found out that MPA programs are designed to develop the abilities, skills and methods specialists use to realize policies, programs and projects as well as to resolve crucial issues within their organization and/or in society. It has been stated that in the United States of America Master of Public Administration (MPA) and Master of Business Administration programs (MBA) are quite similar, however, have certain differences. It has been defined that the MPA program focuses on different ethical and sociological criteria secondary for business administrators. Simultaneously MPA programs encompass economy courses to supply students with knowledge of microeconomic and macroeconomic issues. It has been specified that MPA programs are built on a range of core competencies defined by the Network of Schools of Public Policy, Affairs, and Administration (NASPAA). The list of the core competencies (to lead and manage in public governance; to participate in and contribute to the public policy progress; to analyze, synthesize, think critically, solve problems and make decisions; to articulate and apply a public service perspective; to communicate and interact productively with a diverse and changing workforce and citizenry) and their detailed characteristics have been presented. It has been identified that cultural competency of future public administrators has become an essential constituent of public affairs curricula. It has been concluded that the above-mentioned positive aspects of the experience may be used to improve future public administrators’ professional training in Ukraine.
EN
In the article the content and operational components of continuing professional development of public school teachers in Great Britain, Canada, the USA have been characterized. The main objectives are defined as the theoretical analysis of scientific-pedagogical literature, which highlights different aspects of the problem under research; identification of the common features of the content, models, forms and methods of continuing professional development of public school teachers. The legislative and normative framework of teachers’ CPD in Great Britain, Canada and the USA, which determines the CPD content, has been highlighted; teachers’ knowledge, skills, professional values and attitudes have been characterised; the key models, forms and methods of teachers’ CPD have been defined. The teachers’ CPD has been studied by foreign and Ukrainian scientists: models, forms and methods of teachers’ CPD (L. Chance, A. Hollingsworth, D. Ross, E. Villegas-Reimers), non-formal teachers’ CPD (J. Scheerens), continuing professional education (Ya. Belmaz, T. Desyatov), postgraduate education (A. Kuzminskyy, V. Russol), professional education (R. Hurevych, N. Nychkalo), teacher training (T. Koshmanova, Ye. Yevtukh), teachers’ professional development (N. Klokar, V. Oliynyk). The research methodology comprises theoretical (logical, induction and deduction, comparison and compatibility, structural and systematic, analysis and synthesis) and applied (observations, questioning and interviewing) methods. The research results have been presented.
EN
In the article the methodology of comparative analysis of public school teachers’ continuing professional development (CPD) in Great Britain, Canada and the USA has been presented. The main objectives are defined as theoretical analysis of scientific and pedagogical literature, which highlights different aspects of the problem under research; characteristic of the research methodology, used to conduct the comparative analysis. Their major components of the research model (parametric-determining, conceptual and analytical, integrating-analytical and differentiating-analytical, prognostic component) have been defined and specified. Public school teachers’ CPD has been studied by foreign and domestic scientists: political, social, cultural and economic aspects of teachers’ CPD (L. Darling-Hammond, M. Tight); CPD programs (C. Pratt); CPD content (N. Dana Fichtman, M. Rees, A. Ross, S. Zepeda); CPD models, methods and forms (K. Duinlan, P. Grimmet, G. Troia, P. Wong); continuous professional education (Ya. Belmaz, A. Kuzminskyy, O. Kuznyetsova). The research methodology comprises theoretical (comparative-historical, logical, induction and deduction, comparison and compatibility, structural and systematic, analysis and synthesis, general scientific and interdisciplinary forecasting methods), and applied (observations, questioning and interviewing) methods. The research results have been presented.
EN
In the article the peculiarities in organization of postgraduate teacher training in foreign countries have been highlighted; the basic problems and prospects for advanced training which stipulate for reforming the relevant national systems have been revealed; common and distinctive trends in their development have been justified. In Russia there is a cascade (cyclic) system of teaching staff advanced training, based on the principles of andragogy, namely, continuity, self-control and self-analysis of professional activities by teachers and the use of their own experience during the advanced training. The abovementioned system consists of three phases such as pre-course, course and implementing. Each element of this model is a constituent part of the other, providing cycling and growth. Tasks for teachers are grounded on all the phases of the described system and influence their professional development. In the Republic of Kazakhstan there are three basic systems for teaching staff advanced training, namely, centers of educational excellence at the “Nazarbayev Intellectual Schools”, JSC “National Centre of Teaching Staff Advanced Training” (based on RIPKSO and 16 regional teaching staff advanced training institutes), teaching staff advanced training centres at universities and experimental sections. According to the defined module in the terms of the complex 3-month courses combining face-to-face and online training are provided. In the USA advanced training is provided by multilevel higher educational institutions which offer a wide range of different full-time and distance training programs and some programs are taught directly in educational establishments. The content of advanced training is determined by standards of professional pedagogical education according to the educational program and provides for fundamental, psychological, pedagogical, methodical, IT, practical, social and humanitarian training. Teaching staff advanced training in Canada is provided by various educational establishments, departments of education, school boards, regional centers of education, teachers unions and private providers of professional development services.
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58%
Sowiniec
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2013
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issue 42
51-61
EN
The crime perpetrated in Katyń emerged in international politics during the times of World War II, but the Allies did not recognise the basic facts concerning the Soviet genocide perpetrated upon the Polish officers in Katyń. An objective stand upon the events which happened in Katyń was not taken with regard to the USSR. The present article, which has the nature of an overview, presents some of the aspects of the Katyń crime in the political and social history of the USA, Great Britain and Sweden. The denial or the tendency to pass over in silence the Soviet agency of this act of genocide met with animated social opposition of the representatives of the Polish community in the West. The latter used their own resources to sent a message of the truth about the events in Katyń to the citizens of some of the democratic countries in the West through the mass media and to commemorate the victims of the crime perpetrated in Katyń e.g. through the construction of monuments.
19
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Tabloid – geneza idei

58%
Roczniki Nauk Społecznych
|
2003
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vol. 31
|
issue 1
149-177
EN
The sketch presents tabloid as a neutral, not laden by emotions (hence I renounce such terms as yellow paper, scandal sheet, or rag), manner by which to sell information and entertainment. Sometimes I use such terms as sensational press, but this concerns only some tabloids. I analyze how this form of communication in social reality influences the processes of the democratization of society (extension of the freedom of the individual), how it extends the concepts of public debate on democracy, understood here as a participation in political life and in matters that have a bearing on political life. Taking the stance of a representative of political sciences, historian of ideas, specialist in media, I analyze the genesis of the idea of tabloid and the characteristic elements of this press. I point only to some factors.
20
Publication available in full text mode
Content available

Polska w OBWE

58%
PL
W pierwszych latach po rozpoczęciu w 1989 r. przemian demokratycznych Polska kontynuowała swoje zaangażowanie w Konferencji Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie, która w 1995 r. została przemianowana na Organizację Bezpieczeństwa i Współpracy w Europie. Warszawa za cel strategiczny postawiła wprowadzenie Polski do NATO i UE, a KBWE/OBWE postrzegała jako najszerszą organizację bezpieczeństwa kooperatywnego w Europie. Po przystąpieniu w 1999 r. do NATO, OBWE stopniowo traciła na znaczeniu w polskiej polityce zagranicznej, co wyraźnie było już widać w następnej dekadzie. Zdecydowany regres nastąpił w czasie drugich rządów konserwatywno- nacjonalistycznej partii Prawo i Sprawiedliwość (PiS) rozpoczętych w 2015 r., która w polityce bezpieczeństwa postawiła na pierwszym miejscu ścisły sojusz dwustronny z USA, który doprowadził do podjęcia przez Polskę roli klienta i wasala USA. Oznacza to kompletne zdezawuowanie roli OBWE, a tym samym odrzucenie szansy stworzenia szerokiej euroatlantyckiej i eurazjatyckiej wspólnoty bezpieczeństwa poprzez wykorzystanie unikatowych instrumentów pozostających do dyspozycji OBWE.
EN
In the first years after the beginning of democratic transition in 1989, Poland continued its involvement in the Conference on Security and Co-operation in Europe, which in 1995 was renamed the Organization for Security and Co-operation in Europe. Warsaw as a strategic goal set Poland’s accession to NATO and the EU, and it perceived CSCE/OSCE as the widest cooperative security organization in Europe. After joining NATO in 1999, the OSCE gradually lost its importance in Polish foreign policy, which was clearly visible in the next decade. A decisive decline took place during the second edition of the rule of the conservative-nationalist Law and Justice (PiS) party launched in 2015, which in security policy put a close bilateral alliance with the US in the first place, which led Poland to take the role of client and US vassal. This implies a complete denial of the role of the OSCE, and thus the rejection of the opportunity to create a broad Euro-Atlantic and Eurasian security community by using unique instruments at the OSCE’s disposal.
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