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EN
The paper concentrates on the verbal and nonverbal (mimics, gestures) aspects of human-human and human-computer communication, both of which are present in Krzysztof Kieślowski’s Decalogue I. In the first part of my text, I will make an extensive study of the scenes in the film, in which the director reflects on the crux of interpersonal communication (human-human): a conversation between the father and the son; a conversation between the boy and his aunt; the main character’s lecture on communication. In the second part, I will describe Kieślowski’s film which is a pioneering work as it creates statements about the new ways of interpersonal communication, connected with technicalization: a human-computer communication. Detailed analysis of the scenes: “the conversations” between the boy and his mother via the computer; spontaneous starting/start-up of the computer; mathematical “genius” of the machine. In the conclusions, I will mention the director’s reflections on the communication in the year of 1988, which are still up-to-date, as well as those that have outdated.
EN
The interest of the present article aims at showing the relevance of the use of art therapy across a broad spectrum of influence it exerts upon the general population. The article explains main defi nitions used in art therapy, while individual techniques used in art therapy that can be pursued for their potential therapeutic applications are presented and discussed. Functions of art therapy with regard to therapeutic influence and life-long education are identifi ed and evaluated. Further,the author discusses a number of issues related to art therapy within the aspect of (self-) education. The areas of its applications with the social group of senior citizens are presented. The article is complemented with a review of literature that may be applicable to and useful in art therapy. The hypothesis proposed in the article involves the basic assumption that cubist perspective, revealing itself in the literary works mentioned in the article, may turn out to be a kind of a preparation for contemplating death and passing away and a good introduction of how to tackle loneliness.
PL
Celem podjętych w tekście rozważań jest ukazanie, jak szerokie spektrum oddziaływań ma arteterapia oraz kubizm – rozumiany zarówno jako metoda twórcza, jak i estetyka. W artykule przedstawiono zagadnienia definicyjne z zakresu arteterapii. Wyszczególnione zostały również techniki występujące w obszarze arteterapii. Wskazano funkcje, jakie pełni ona w aspekcie oddziaływań terapeutycznych oraz w obszarze edukacji podejmowanej przez całe życie. Przedmiotem rozważań są także zagadnienia z zakresu arteterapii w aspekcie (samo)edukacyjnym, obszary jej zastosowania wśród seniorów oraz przegląd wybranych pozycji literaturowych, przydatnych w działalności arteterapeutycznej. Proponowana hipoteza to wskazanie, że perspektywa kubistyczna, ujawniająca się w przywołanych utworach literackich, może okazać się rodzajem przygotowania do przemijania i radzenia sobie z samotnością.
EN
This essay explores the influential role of cinematic artists in shaping discussions around democratic values and addressing contemporary European challenges. It focuses on the works and public statements of Agnieszka Holland, a renowned Polish filmmaker. Holland, known for her film Europa, Europa, predominantly explores individual experiences. However, these personal narratives are intricately interwoven with broader communal, historical-political, and cultural themes. This text aims to highlight key democratic principles through Holland’s perspectives, emphasising the educational impact of her films. Particularly, it examines how her work confronts various forms of discrimination, including those based on gender, religion, and nationality, while simultaneously fostering a ‘culture of dialogue’. The approach used in this research is an analysis of media content.
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EN
From the beginning of its history, film has been considered as ideal synergy of art forms, including painting, literature, music and dance. ‘Moving pictures’ on artists and art belong to a particular group of films. Traditionally, Muses were connected with movement. Even today, artists produce images of muses dancing in circle: Calliope, Clio, Erato, Euterpe, Melpomene, Polyhymnia, Thalia, Terpsyhore and Urania. Iwona Grodź writes about Cinema as ‘the Tenth Muse’, who quickens the imagination of a film director in order for him to produce art. The idea of ‘the Tenth Muse’ is connected with the plasticity of film because film is connected with such art forms as pictures, sculpture, architecture, ornaments (artistic design of costumes, weapons). The functioning of those elements in film is usually considered in two contexts. Firstly, film is imbedded in visual arts (feature and narration are the two layers of film). Secondly, film includes artistic photography and refined screen-play design (film-shooting technique). Grodź writes on the idea of the Muse, who can be a painter, such as Frida Khalo. She analyses the film entitled Frida in the context of biographic films. She also considers the model of Johannes Vermeer as the Muse, and analyses the film entitled Girl with a Pearl Earring not only as the biographical movie, but as the film about art and ‘the second degree inspiration’.
EN
Iwona Grodź –The Black and White Ballet. On J. Has’How to Be Loved The article offers a critical interpretation of J. Has’ film How to Be Loved with particular emphasis on its use of colours as well as it provides a structural analysis of the film
PL
Iwona Grodź –The Black and White Ballet. On J. Has’How to Be Loved The article offers a critical interpretation of J. Has’ film How to Be Loved with particular emphasis on its use of colours as well as it provides a structural analysis of the film
Biblioteka
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2018
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issue 22(31)
175-190
EN
The present article discusses the book plates designed by Bruno Schulz which the author of Sklepy cynamonowe [The Street of Crocodiles] created for his friends and acquaintances throughout his life. The book plates mainly feature erotic images that relate to specifically created topics and, quite frequently, are of somewhat murky and morally questionable provenance, since they clearly relate to masochistic threads, demonic women and their unbridled sensual indulgence. On a side note, the article also discusses other minor visual elements such as sketches, designs, blueprints, donation certificates, invitations, i.e. the so-called ephemera. These available snippets of ephemera become even more important as they allow us to explain the origins of the book plates under investigation. The underlying goal of the article, however, is to show that libraries and virtual space in general are, as it has been proved in time again and again, exactly the right place and areas of modern archival practice that allow us to catalogue, process and preserve these materials, thus make them ready for revival for future generations.
PL
Tematem tekstu są ekslibrisy Brunona Schulza, które autor Sklepów cynamonowych wykonywał dla znajomych. Są to przede wszystkim wyobrażenia związane z erotyką. Bardzo często o dość „mrocznej proweniencji”, gdyż nawiązują do masochistycznych wątków jego twórczości, demonicznych kobiet i ich nieokiełznanej siły zmysłowej. Na marginesie wskazane zostają też inne drobiazgi wizualne: szkice, projekty, cegiełki, zaproszenia, tzw. druki ulotne. Stają się one ważne o tyle, o ile pozwalają wyjaśnić genezę ekslibrisów pisarza. Celem artykułu jest wykazanie, że biblioteki i przestrzeń wirtualna, jak pokazał czas, to miejsca, obszary współczesnej aktywności archiwistycznej, twórczej i odbiorczej, które pozwalają te wszystkie materiały skatalogować, utrwalić, zachować, a więc powołać do życia raz jeszcze… dla przyszłych pokoleń.
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Gotycyzm według Wojciecha Hasa

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EN
The greatest aim of the article is to analyse and interpret The Saragossa Manuscript by Wojciech Has (1964). This masterpiece is significant for two major reasons. Firstly, it initiated Has’s characteristic style. Secondly, it was the first time when a Polish director used Gothic motifs, which are mainly noticeable in two last films by Has: The personal diary of the wicked... written by himself (1986) and The amazing journey of Balthazar Kober (1988). The text that inspired Has was a novel written by Jan Potocki. Interestingly, in the context of Gothicism, in his earlier films Has usually focused on various emotions, not on intellect. In this picture, it is different. The novel is about humans, about loneliness and the necessity to make a choose between magic, intellect and experience. Books by Jan Potocki, James Hogg and Fre´deric Tristan became ideal adaptation material. In conclusion, the main aesthetic characteristic of The Saragossa Manuscript, The personal diary of the wicked... written by himself and The amazing journey of Balthazar Kober is the ability to amaze the viewers. This amazement helps the audience to approach the films as the metaphors of life and Gothicism as a scenic costume. Its deeper meaning is the willingness to humiliate human stupidity and to remind that life is like a theatrical play and Pascal’s navigation.
EN
The main aim of the article is to answer the question about, how religious language functions in cinematography. It is both about specifying an aim of introducing it to a plot or narration of a film and about when it is introduced. It will be crucial to specify what goal the director attains by using religious language in his films. How important it is for the plot development. Is it connected with the will to remind the viewers about the world which does not exist currently or is it rather parodying the defined view. The next stage is an analysis of the particular examples of the use of religious language in Wojciech Has’s films, for example The Codes, The Sandglass, The Manuscript Found in Saragossa, The Personal Diary of the Wicked… Written by Himself, The Amazing Journey of Balthazar Kober. Next, the ways of showing its functioning in cinematography: stylization, allusion, form of quotations, collage, parody, pastiche, travesty. Concluding, the director uses the religious language stylisations and quotations (for example the Holy Scripture or other cultural texts, like Juliusz Słowacki’s Anhelli) in the considerate way. Using the religious language, he characterizes setting and time of action, the film characters and, above all, his attitude towards religion. Love language gets the markers of religious language in his films. In this way, Has approaches to understanding the new version of religion and religiousness, not consistent with the Old Testament, but rather with New Testament’s message which means: “Love your neighbor as yourself”.
Glottodidactica
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2016
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vol. 43
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issue 1
179-203
EN
The article describes fundamental issues relating to translation problems in the art of moving images (base perspective): subtitles, voiceover in the film, dubbing. It also presents the method of translation of the spoken (dialogues, monologues) and written word (poetry, prose) in selected audiovisual material, Alice in Wonderland by Tim Burton (2010).
EN
The paper describes short films made by Wojciech Has, for example Harmonia (1947), Moje Miasto (1950), and searches for traces of (auto)biography in them. The purpose was to show their semantic potential and to draw attention to the richness of possible interpretations. Only an attitude of scientific openness enables the avoidance of the burden of all fundamentalisms, certainties, and holistic approaches. The educational perspective was revealed in the update of research tools related to hermeneutics and thematic perspective.
PL
Tematem tekstu są krótkie filmy Wojciecha Hasa, przede wszystkim, takie jak Harmonia (1947), Moje miasto (1950) i poszukiwanie w nich śladów (auto)biografizmu. Celem było pokazanie ich potencjału semantycznego, zwrócenie uwagi na bogactwo możliwych interpretacji. Tylko postawa badawczej otwartości pozwala uniknąć ciężaru wszelkich fundamentalizmów, pewników, całościowych ujęć. Perspektywa edukacyjna ujawniała się w aktualizacji narzędzi badawczych z zakresu tematologii i hermeneutyki.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to indicate links between film and sociology, as exemplified by Małgorzata Szumowska’s films. Another important context is the combination of the empowerment approach – its application in social work in the context of art therapy – with solving social problems and enhancing the quality of life of beneficiaries receiving this aid. Suggested considerations are to indicate the usefulness of film therapy, especially for social and educational practice. The methodology used is comparative research and the gains of emancipatory pedagogy.
PL
Celem tekstu jest wskazanie związków filmu z socjologią na przykładzie filmów Małgorzaty Szumowskiej. Innym ważnym kontekstem jest połączenie podejścia empowerment (umocnienie) – jego zastosowania w pracy społecznej w kontekście terapii sztuką – z rozwiązywaniem problemów społecznych i podnoszeniem jakości życia beneficjentów tej pomocy. Zainicjowane rozważania mają wskazać użyteczność filmoterapii, zwłaszcza dla praktyki społecznej i edukacyjnej. Metodologia to badania porównawcze i zdobycze pedagogiki emancypacyjnej.
EN
The garden presents itself as an area consciously created by the human being. Its representation is usually actualized in opposition both to what is natural and to what is artificial (e.g. to a city). Over many years now, the garden has been been considered to be a “cultural fossil”, and as such, an object of importance for literary critics, film critics, art historians, musicologists etc., and an anthropological phenomenon, which is demonstrated by contemporary juxtapositions of aesthetics with environmental science, pace Gernot Böhme, or the transcultural aesthetics promoted by Wolfgang Welsch). At this stage, we are very close to full understanding of the phenomenon of garden-topos, as well as the numerous garden metaphors. In Zbigniew Rybczyński’s film Orkiestra there are several areas of author’s interest in the garden created and filmed on a theatrical stage. The garden as a space of life-renewal, symbol of birth and metaphysical rebirth, a renewed experience of fulness. The garden as a space of ordered life, positive energy, areas of joy liberation, a synonym of goodness and ideals. Finally, as the symbol of return to creation, beauty, to the first beginning, to civilized and tame nature.
EN
Two forces are influencing cinema in Europe. One of them is consumerist audience which for years has treated America and its icons as determinants of style and quality of film productions. The other refers to the idea of artistic cinema, one that requires patience and courage from the recipients. This ‘double’ vision is important in proper understanding of the phenomenon called cinematography of Europe. These two perspectives will be applied in the analysis and interpretation of the latest film by Jerzy Skolimowski, Essential Killing, of 2010. They help explain the reasons behind the director’s success, and attractiveness of his idea. Aspects which allow us to define the topic in more detail are: a) content and subjects which inform us about the artist’s viewpoints; b) economy, or involvement of the artist-director in the production and post-production stage; the viewing figures and attractiveness of the film; c) criticism, or positioning of Essential Killing in the context of artistic cinema, high culture, national heritage and/or European cinema. The analysis and interpretation of the latest film by Jerzy Skolimowski requires knowledge on the criteria that establish the nationality or national identity. One needs to remember about ideology, myth creation, and common system of imagination and values. The search for timeless and one-ofa-kind identity seems to be an important topic nowadays. One question remains: what is the horizon of expectations of recipients of such cinema? There are numerous answers, but one of them remains fixed and unchanging. Most of the viewers expect that the national cinema will undertake topics that are somehow close to their hearts.
Zeszyty Wiejskie
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2022
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vol. 28
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issue 2
267-283
EN
The subject of these considerations is to recall the need to analyze categories on the border of cultural archaeology, such as “folklore” in the context of visual perception as “archeology” of not only seeing, but also knowledge. So it is not an interpretation of a specific work or the work of one author. No less important for these reflections was the film Charming eyes [Oczy uroczne] (1976) by Piotr Szulkin (1950–2018), in which the director was inspired by a text by Jan Kasprowicz (1860–1926) from the series Stories and fairy tales [Bajki, klechdy i baśnie] (1922). The aim is to try to answer the question: Do the images, including the film ones, only present sensual perceptions about reality (and therefore, in a way, also of folk culture)? Or just our knowledge about it? Methodology: tools from cultural anthropology, semiotics, psychology of perception.
PL
Tematem eseju jest przypomnienie potrzeby powrotu do refleksji na temat terminów z pogranicza archeologii kultury, takich jak m.in. „ludowość” w kontekście percepcji wizualnej jako „archeologii” nie tylko widzenia, ale i wiedzy. Prezentowany tekst nie jest więc interpretacją konkretnego dzieła czy twórczości jednego autora. Niemniej ważnym dla tych rozmyślań okazał się film Oczy uroczne z 1976 r. Piotra Szulkina (1950–2018), w którym reżyser inspirował się tekstem Jana Kasprowicza (1860–1926) z cyklu Bajki, klechdy i baśnie (1922). Celem jest próba odpowiedzi na pytanie: Czy obrazy, w tym filmowe, przedstawiają jedynie poznawalne zmysłowo wyobrażenia na temat rzeczywistości (a więc poniekąd też kultury ludowej)? Czy naszą wiedzę na ten temat? Metodologia: narzędzia z zakresu antropologii kultury, semiotyka, psychologia percepcji.
EN
The theme of the text is the connection between the inspiration of the artists,for example poets, and their emotional states. The purpose of the text is to indicate the role of emotions in creative work. The subject of the analysis is the film Wojaczek made by Lech Majewski from 1999, about the young Polish poet – Rafał Wojaczek (1945-1971).
PL
The theme of the text is the connection between the inspiration of the artists, for example poets, and their emotional states. The purpose of the text is to indicate the role of emotions in creative work. The subject of the analysis is the film Wojaczek made by Lech Majewski from 1999, about the young Polish poet – Rafał Wojaczek (1945-1971).
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EN
The topic of the article is the activation of excluded people through the sociotherapeutic use of a combination of art and new techniques. It is primarily about using technology to make cultural facilities accessible to people with disabilities, which can be used for therapeutic purposes. This topic is widely analysed today, inter alia in the publication edited by Anna Pawłowska, Anna Wendorff and Julia Sowińska-Heim (2016; 2018). The aim of the text is to look at culture from the perspective of its impact on people and vice versa. It is constituted on the assumptions of semiotics and cognitiveism. The foundations of both of these methodologies allow for a better understanding of two mechanisms: a) internal (centrifugal) – perception of audiovisual culture, i.e. the way of constructing the reception situation (the status of a virtual receiver) “secondary” inscribed in the work. In this case, the modelled viewer in the face of audiodescription; b) and external (centripetal) – the functioning of “audiovisual culture of perception”, i.e. the way of participation (inclusion in social circulation) in the culture for people with disabilities. The conclusion is that any person interested in art should have access to it. But not always, for many reasons, is it possible. One of the reasons that may hinder such access is the lack of adaptation of art buildings for the reception of people with disabilities. Then technology can help the art. However, it is important to use it ethically.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest audiodeskrypcja i aktywizacja osób wykluczonych przez socjoterapeutyczne wykorzystanie połączenia sztuki i nowych technik. Chodzi przede wszystkim o wykorzystanie techniki w udostępnianiu osobom niepełnosprawnym obiektów kultury, co może pełnić funkcje terapeutyczne. Jest to temat szeroko współcześnie analizowany, między innymi w publikacjach pod redakcją Anny Pawłowskiej, Anny Wendorff i Julii Sowińskiej- -Heim (2016; 2018). Cel tekstu stanowi spojrzenie na kulturę przez pryzmat jej oddziaływania na człowieka i odwrotnie. Jest ono oparte na założeniach semiotyki i kognitywizmu. Podstawy obu tych metodologii pozwalają lepiej zrozumieć dwa mechanizmy: a) wewnętrzny (odśrodkowy) – percepcji kultury audiowizualnej, czyli sposób konstruowania sytuacji odbiorczej (status odbiorcy wirtualnego) „wtórnie” wpisany w dzieło; b) zewnętrzny (dośrodkowy) – funkcjonowania „audiowizualnej kultury percepcji”, czyli sposób uczestniczenia (włączania w społeczny obieg) w kulturze osób niepełnosprawnych. Wnioskiem jest to, że każda osoba zainteresowana sztuką powinna mieć do niej dostęp. Nie zawsze jednak, z wielu powodów, okazuje się to możliwe. Do przyczyn mogących utrudniać taki dostęp należy brak przystosowania obiektów sztuki do odbioru przez osoby niepełnosprawne. Sztuce z pomocą może wówczas przyjść technologia.
EN
The aim of the text is a reflection on the methods of storytelling in the documentary film about the spiritual dimension of poetry in order to use the indicated film in educational classes. The example is film made by Piotr Załuski, Herbert. Fresco in the church (2005–2006) about Zbigniew Herbert (1924–1998). The methodological tools are semiotics and comparative research. The methodological tools that enable this type of investigation, and are then helpful in the analysis of the research problem posed, are derived from the tradition of semiotics and comparative research. Comparative analyses related to the description of adaptive mechanisms: literature and film, are necessarily in the foreground.
PL
Celem tekstu jest namysł nad sposobami opowiadania w filmie dokumentalnym o duchowym wymiarze twórczości poetyckiej w celu wykorzystania wskazanego filmu na zajęciach edukacyjnych. Materiałem badawczym jest esej audiowizualny Herbert. Fresk w kościele Piotra Załuskiego (ur. 1945) z lat 2005–2006, o twórczości Zbigniewa Herberta (1924–1998). Narzędzia metodologiczne, które umożliwiają tego typu poszukiwania, a następnie są pomocne przy analizie postawionego problemu badawczego, wywodzą się z tradycji semiotyki oraz badań porównawczych. Komparatystyczne analizy, związane z opisem mechanizmów adaptacyjnych: literatura a film, siłą rzeczy znajdują się na pierwszym planie.
EN
The theme of the text is the film Mother Joan of the Angels by Jerzy Kawalerowicz (1960) based on the novel by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz (ed. Warsaw, 1943). The director’s name is part of the mainstream “psychological-existential” Polish film school, together with Wojciech Has and Tadeusz Konwicki. The purpose of the text is to consider the way in which Jerzy Kawalerowicz “describes” the sacrum in the film.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest film Matka Joanna od Aniołów w reżyserii Jerzego Kawalerowicza z 1960 roku, zrealizowany na podstawie opowiadania Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza (wyd. 1943). Nazwisko tego reżysera jest przywoływane przy okazji mówienia o nurcie psychologiczno-egzystencjalnym „polskiej szkoły filmowej”. Historycy filmu umieszczają je w jednym szeregu z działalnością artystyczną: Wojciecha Jerzego Hasa i Tadeusza Konwickiego. Celem tekstu jest zastanowienie się nad sposobem „opisywania” / przedstawiania przez Jerzego Kawalerowicza sacrum we wskazanym powyżej filmie.
EN
The subject of the text is the analysis of the relationship: human - nature, understood both in the literal and metaphorical sense, and their representation on the example of the film Deer Room. Autobiographical opera (dir. Lech Majewski, 1997).The main purpose of the discussion is to identify synergies: human with nature, in semiotic or cultural aspects.
PL
Tematem tekstu jest analiza relacji: człowiek – natura, ujmowana zarówno w znaczeniu dosłownym, jak i metaforycznym oraz ich reprezentacja na przykładzie filmu Pokój saren. Opera autobiograficzna (reż. Lech Majewski, 1997). Osobami „wchodzącymi” w owe związki są bohaterowie „zamieszkujący” filmowane mieszkanie w starej kamienicy, a więc z jednej strony bohaterowie filmu, m.in. Matka, Ojciec, Syna oraz tytułowe sarny. Z drugiej, niejako pośrednio, także twórca filmu – reżyser Lech Majewski (ur. 1953).Głównym celem rozważań jest wskazanie synergii człowieka z naturą, mw aspekcie semiotycznym czy kulturowym, która pozwala lepiej zrozumiećtwórczość wskazanego artysty.
EN
The subject of the text is the analysis of theoretical   considerations (an outline of the issue) on the  “gamification” of activities in the virtual space of the library. The revolution in this aspect is primarily a change in the form of communicating and obtaining information, e.g. on the segmentation of readers in the virtual library space. The aim is to show the educational value of the synergy of various sciences: the humanities, economics and new  media in innovative approaches to thinking about the library of the 21st century. “Gamification” is one example. The preliminary hypothesis assumes that gamification may favour the construction of communication relations in the virtual space of the library, and thus contribute to the adaptation of the offer to the needs of new generations of readers. The key, however, is to know about their  segmentation as users of on-line culture.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł zawiera analizę rozważań teoretycznych dotyczących grywalizacji działań w wirtualnej przestrzeni biblioteki. Rewolucją w tym zakresie jest przede wszystkim zmiana formy komunikowania i pozyskiwania informacji, m.in. na temat segmentacji czytelników w przestrzeni wirtualnej biblioteki. Celem tekstu jest wskazanie waloru edukacyjnego synergii różnych nauk: humanistycznych, ekonomicznych i nowych mediów w innowacyjnych podejściach do myślenia o bibliotece XXI wieku. Przykładem takiej synergii jest grywalizacja. Wstępna hipoteza zakłada, że może ona sprzyjać konstruowaniu relacji komunikacyjnych w przestrzeni wirtualnej biblioteki, a tym samym umożliwia dostosowanie oferty do potrzeb nowych pokoleń czytelników. Kluczowa okazuje się wiedza na temat ich segmentacji jako użytkowników kultury online.
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