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1

Review: "Encyklopedia Bioetyki," edited by Andrzej Muszala

100%

Hołub G.

Forum Philosophicum

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2006

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vol. 11

279-282

EN

The article reviews the book "Encyklopedia Bioetyki," edited by Andrzej Muszala.

2

Entre a Bioética e a Ecologia: princípios e fundamentos

70%

Almeida A. T., Borges Meneses R. D.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2018

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issue 2(23)

5-17

EN

This work analyzes the relationship between Bioethics and Ecology, while taking into account social interactions. Therefore, it focuses on the origin and evolution of the bioethics concept; on the several elements of Integral Ecology; on the close relationship between Bioethics and the Environment; as well as on the relevance of Environmental Education for the future of our planet.

3

The Philosophical Concepts in Ryszard Otowicz's Bioethics

70%

Aszyk P.

Forum Philosophicum

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2006

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vol. 11

69-80

PL

This article presents a general overview of philosophical issues undertaken in the work of Richard Otowicz (1953–2003), Jesuit and Professor of Moral Theology at the Pontifical Faculty of Theology in Warsaw. Within the set of views developed by him, the theological perspective undoubtedly assumes pride of place. Often, however, he refers to philosophical issues from which, in his opinion, one cannot escape—issues that bear directly on human life. What is especially striking is Otowicz’s hypothesis that bioethics is a kind of self-defense reflex of mankind, who are attempting by means of it to intellectually grasp the issues relating to the unlimited expansion of technology. Developments and changes observed in the world are forcing humanity to rethink very fundamental issues, such as interpersonal relationships or the relationship of man to nature.

4

Ética y Ecologia : la moral de una ciencia interdisciplinar

61%

Pradilla Rangel D. C., Borges de Meneses R. D.

Prosopon. Europejskie Studia Społeczno-Humanistyczne

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2018

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issue 3(24)

51-76

EN

As a natural science interested in the study of our home, ecology shows a clear relationship with the need to approach it from the perspective of ethics. The discipline of philosophy in charge of discerning morality in our behavior has much to say about the way we interact and modify the medium. So, the objective of this study is to take a walk through ecology from the perspective of ethics and philosophy, because we speak of science, man and universe. in this way, we will analyze it as a discipline of science with a recent history, as well as its interdisciplinarity. When analyzing it from ethics, and with other authors as a referen- ce, we postulate the need for this ecological ethics, as well as reviewing our responsibility in this milestone. To end with the world of social movements, for we will also review the need for this ecological reason or ecological ethics.

5

Reframing Patient’s Autonomy in End-of-Life Care Decision-Making: Constructions of Agency in Interviews with Physicians

61%

Buscariolli A., Vesala K. M.

Qualitative Sociology Review

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2021

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vol. 17

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issue 2

70-87

EN

In the research literature, critical viewpoints question the idea of patient autonomy as a robust basis for approaching end-of-life treatments. Yet physicians express distinctly positive attitudes towards patient autonomy and advance directives in questionnaire studies. In this article, we unravel taken-for-granted assumptions about the agency that physicians use when evaluating patient autonomy in end-of-life care. We use Goffmanian frame analysis to analyze semi-structured interviews with eight Finnish physicians. Instead of measuring standardized responses, we explore in detail how distinct evaluations of patient autonomy are made through approving or reserved stand-taking. The results show that the interviewees reframed patient autonomy with the help of biological, medical, ethical, and interaction frames. Through such reframing, the patient’s agency was constructed as vulnerable and weak in contrast to the medical expert with the legitimated capacity to act as an agent for the patient. Further, end-of-life treatment decisions by the patient, as well as the patient’s interests appeared as relationally defined in interactions and negotiations managed by the physician, instead of attesting the sovereign agency of an autonomous actor.

6

Jsou všichni lidé osoby, a jestliže ano, proč?: Náčrt SKIP argumentů a argumentace Roberta Spaemanna

61%

Šimek V.

Studia theologica

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2019

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vol. 1

131-145

EN

The question of whether all people (i.e., members of homo sapiens) are persons returns whenever some people are, in practice, excluded from the community of persons and when at the same time it is claimed that people have human dignity and basic human rights only as much as they are persons. This question is still topical, for example, for the moral evaluation of some assisted reproduction procedures and embryo‑destructive research. The thesis that all people are persons is currently defended and justified by the SKIP-arguments. The article outlines the SKIP-arguments in propedeutic form and the argumentation of Robert Spaemann parallel to these arguments, who defends the thesis in an thoughtful way in his book Persons: The Difference between ’Someone‘ and ’Something‘. In the end, the reader will also learn about the meta-argument of tutiorism through which the advocates of this thesis usually strengthen the SKIP arguments.

7

Prawa i godność człowieka we współczesnej bioetyce

61%

Bołoz W.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2004

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vol. 2

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issue 1

189-212

EN

In contemporary bioethics dominate two trends dealing with two basic ethical solutions. First of them is utilitarianism concerning utility as a criterion of judging between what is right and what is wrong. The second trend applies to human rights and human dignity, which are to be obeyed without any exceptions. Utilitarianism protects the strong and prosperous people in society and excludes those who are weak and not capable of independent life. The concept of human dignity protects each and every human being including the weakest ones. It is therefore characterized by real humanitarianism. In addition, it has one more outstanding virtue; in the contemporary world, it is the most widespread and understandable ethical code. It enables people of different civilizations to communicate with understandable ethical language. In the world constantly undergoing global processes, it is of great value. Although there are a number of discussions concerning the way of understanding human dignity and human rights, their universal and ethical meaning; there are certain international acts of law concerning biomedicine that support the concept of human dignity as the most adequate concept for contemporary bioethics. As an example, the European Convention on Bioethics can be taken. The article includes the most significant topics concerning understanding, history, and application of law and human dignity in bioethics.

8

Personhood in Bioethics

61%

Hołub G.

Forum Philosophicum

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2007

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vol. 12

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issue 1

157-175

EN

The concept of personhood has been recently strongly criticized by some bioethicists. The present article aims at refuting these criticisms. In order to show how the notion of personhood operates in bioethics, two understandings of it proposed by an Italian bioethicist Maurizio Mori are sketched: a person as a part of the cosmological order and a person as an autonomous-like entity. It is argued that none of the proposed understandings is adequate. The cosmological concept perceives the person as a derivative of the empirical processes. The autonomous-like, in turn, conceives the person as a freely acting subject. This paper endeavours to prove that both conceptions are one-sided. In order to do that, the thought of German philosopher Robert Spaemann is deployed. He convincingly points out that the person must be considered from a so-called “modus existendi” stance. It means that to be a person is to possess a unique way of being. That being encompasses the material content (body) not as a casual factor but as an indispensable mean of expressing itself. The final thesis is that the person's being is man's life. Drawing upon such a conclusion, it is taken up a critical discussion with the views rejecting the usefulness of the concept.

9

Searching for Bioethical Prescriptions in a Moral Lab

61%

Soniewicka M.

Ethics in Progress

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2015

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vol. 6

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issue 1

199-210

PL

The paper reviews the book written by F.M. Kamm, entitled Bioethical Prescriptions: To Create, End, Choose, and Improve Lives (published in Oxford: Oxford University Press in 2013, pp. 599). Kamm is one of the most prominent analytical philosophers in moral philosophy, known from such works as Intricate Ethics (2007). She defends the rights-based approach to ethics and is also famous from constructing multilayered moral dilemmas. The review poses methodological questions, of whether scientific-like thought experiments performed in a moral lab, and the Method of Hypothetical Cases are able to transform our ethical dilemmas and provide any solutions. In the final part of the review, the first chapter of the book on Tolstoy’s essay (The Death of Ivan Ilych) is discussed in more detail.

10

Bioethics and the normative concept of human selfhood

61%

Honnefelder L.

Studia Ecologiae et Bioethicae

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2003

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vol. 1

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issue 1

199-212

PL

Rozwój nauk o życiu oraz ich zastosowanie w medycynie prowadzi do pytania, które jest często pomijane, chociaż odnosi się ono tak ważnej sprawy jak regulacja prawno-etyczna nowych technologii. Waga tego pytania nie rodzi się jednak ani ze względu na nową sytuacje, ani też z powodu konsekwencji nowych rozwiązań, ale przede wszystkim z racji wewnętrznych związków istniejących między uzasadnieniem moralności i obrazem człowieka, co umożliwia odnajdywanie nowych norm moralnych. Dotyczy to szczególnie genetyki i medycyny zajmującej się reprodukcją ludzką. Możliwość genetycznych modyfikacji człowieka przesuwa granicę pomiędzy naturą zastaną a naturą tworzoną przez ludzi; pomiędzy istniejącą szansą a dokonywanym wyborem. Jest to granica konstytuująca ludzką kondycję. To przesunięcie granicy może zakwestionować całą dotychczasową moralność opartą na naturze. Modyfikacja genomu pojedynczego człowieka może prowadzić w konsekwencji do zmiany natury całego gatunku. Oznaczałoby to także naruszenie tożsamości osoby. Człowiek mógłby patrzeć na siebie jako na autora własnej biografii. W tej sytuacji należy odwołać się do podstawowej intuicji, która stanowi fundament praw człowieka, że ludzka istota posiada wewnętrzną i nieuwarunkowaną wartość, która chroni ją przed porównywaniem do innych dóbr. Oznacza to, że ludzka istota posiada wartość sama w sobie, niezależnie od takich czy innych jej właściwości.

11

Zdrowie publiczne – przemyśleć bioetykę na nowo. Od zasady autonomii do zasady odpowiedzialności

57%

Surmiak W.

Teologia i Moralność

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2020

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vol. 16

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issue 2(28)

143-161

EN

There has been a growing tendency lately among bioethics specialists to use a new paradigm of ethical reflection. So far the dominant bioethical principle has been the principle of autonomy of a patient. In the context of care for public health, the principle of responsibility is gradually becoming more important. Undoubtedly this new reflection enriches the fairly short academic history of bioethical research and adds new value to it. This article shows certain elements of medical ethos and research ethics from a medical perspective, which should be analysed as a part of preventive medicine focused on the principle of responsibility. Without such an approach, it would be extremely difficult to take justified measures in the area of public health.

PL

W ostatnich latach pojawia się coraz mocniej na forum bioetyki pewien nowy paradygmat uprawiania tej refleksji etycznej. Jak dotąd wśród zasad bioetycznych na pierwszy plan wysuwała się zasada autonomii pacjenta. W kontekście troski o zdrowie publiczne coraz bardziej jednak należy odwoływać się do zasady odpowiedzialności. Bez wątpienia ta nowa refleksja wzbogaca i dopełnia wciąż jeszcze krótką akademicką historię uprawiania bioetyki. W niniejszym artykule zostały ukazane pewne elementy etosu lekarskiego i etyki badań naukowych na płaszczyźnie medycznej, które muszą zostać ujęte w przestrzeni tzw. medycyny zapobiegawczej skoncentrowanej na principium odpowiedzialności, gdyż bez takiego podejścia byłoby niezmiernie trudne podejmowanie słusznych działań na płaszczyźnie zdrowia publicznego.

Refine search results

Review: "Encyklopedia Bioetyki," edited by Andrzej Muszala

Entre a Bioética e a Ecologia: princípios e fundamentos

The Philosophical Concepts in Ryszard Otowicz's Bioethics

Ética y Ecologia : la moral de una ciencia interdisciplinar

Reframing Patient’s Autonomy in End-of-Life Care Decision-Making: Constructions of Agency in Interviews with Physicians

Jsou všichni lidé osoby, a jestliže ano, proč?: Náčrt SKIP argumentů a argumentace Roberta Spaemanna

Prawa i godność człowieka we współczesnej bioetyce

Personhood in Bioethics

Searching for Bioethical Prescriptions in a Moral Lab

Bioethics and the normative concept of human selfhood

Zdrowie publiczne – przemyśleć bioetykę na nowo. Od zasady autonomii do zasady odpowiedzialności