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PL
Agnieszka Jędrzejowska, Child with Down Syndrome in a peer group. Interdisciplinary Contexts of Special Pedagogy, no. 27, Poznań 2019. Pp. 351–372.Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. e-ISSN 2658-283X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2019.27.16 The attitude towards people with disabilities has changed over the last century. Both deinstitutionalisation as well as integration and normalisation allowed many people with intellectual disabilities to improve their social situation. An example of such a systemic solution supporting the development of disabled persons are integration groups. The subject of this article is a report from a pilot study on the functioning of a group of children with Down syndrome within an integration group. The objective of this study was the presentation of the reasonability of inclusion within the integration group of children with Down’s Syndrome (with the homogeneous dysfunction). Observation and sociometric tests covered children with Down syndrome from two integration groups from kindergarten no. 109 in Wrocław, Poland. I consider the essence of integration, following A. Maciarz, to be the feeling of social bonds experienced by a disabled individual, a sense of belonging to a group, as well as the conviction that one is accepted by it, despite the fact that the standards adopted by their community are not always and not fully met by them. The research was carried out for six months in a kindergarten where I was a special educator.
EN
The concept of early speech therapy by a team of therapists of different specializations, including a speech and language pathologist, assumes a holistic approach to an infant’s development. Children with Down syndrome require the help of a speech and language pathologist since the first day of their lives. The article describes activating the child’s speech by incorporating games into the therapy.
EN
The authors of the article present two techniques supporting the development of articulation in children with Down syndrome: Articulation Gestures and Phoneme Manual Facilitation. Using their own clinical experience and referring to the latest neurobiological knowledge and subject literature, they justify the importance and, in some cases, the need to apply these techniques in speech therapy of children with trisomy 21. The text also presents three individual cases of children with Down syndrome of different ages who have been diagnosed with profound speech delay.
EN
Research was conducted to find out about the parents’ opinions on the intellectual potential of their children with Down syndrome and diagnosed intellectual disability studying in 4–8 grades of common, integration and special schools. Additionally, the factors determining the respondents’ opinions were analyzed. The paper uses the author’s questionnaire was placed on groups for parents of children with Down syndrome on the social network site Facebook. In addition, surveys were sent by e-mail to the primary school districts and non-governmental organizations that help children with Down syndrome. Fifty two questionnaires were collected. The results indicate that, despite intellectual disability, parents recognize the intellectual potential of their children. It can be assumed that assessments of the intellectual potential of students with Down syndrome and diagnosed intellectual disability are determined by their siblings in the intellectual norm, gender, using verbal speech, communication skills, social skills and opinions of their parents about their successes in school and progress as a result of the therapy. 
PL
Research was conducted to find out about the parents’ opinions on the intellectual potential of their children with Down syndrome and diagnosed intellectual disability studying in 4–8 grades of common, integration and special schools. Additionally, the factors determining the respondents’ opinions were analyzed. The paper uses the author’s questionnaire was placed on groups for parents of children with Down syndrome on the social network site Facebook. In addition, surveys were sent by e-mail to the primary school districts and non-governmental organizations that help children with Down syndrome. Fifty two questionnaires were collected. The results indicate that, despite intellectual disability, parents recognize the intellectual potential of their children. It can be assumed that assessments of the intellectual potential of students with Down syndrome and diagnosed intellectual disability are determined by their siblings in the intellectual norm, gender, using verbal speech, communication skills, social skills and opinions of their parents about their successes in school and progress as a result of the therapy. 
EN
Development of the walking ability and self-care of patients with Down syndrome is affected by their body weight determining their lifestyle to a great extent. Objectives: The study aimed at the determination of body mass index for persons living in residential institutions and families, exploration its impact on walking and self-care as two, objective factors of life quality. Method: Data collection of persons aged 3-35 with Down syndrome living in families covered seven counties, while those of living in residential institutions covered thirteen counties in Hungary. In the 183 cases studied 76 people in residential institutions, 107 people lived in families. The cross-sectional study was processed by non-random sample selection. The questionnaires were filled out by health visitors and care takers edited by their own. Results: 50.6% of adults and 26.1% of children belonged to the overweight or obese category. Their residence showed a significant correlation with the body mass index (p< 0.001). Overweight and obese persons in families, while thin ones were more prevalent in institutions. Regarding the walking ability and self-care of the persons living in families a significantly higher level of development was achieved (p< 0.001). Walking ability (p = 0.001) and self-care (p = 0,008) were worsened by less body weight significantly, while overweight or obesity influenced it less negatively. Discussion: The claim is not further acceptable whereas persons with Down syndrome are more prone to obesity than average people. However unfavourable weight gain in adults draws attention to the necessity to a healthy diet and regular exercise. The people living in residential institutions with significantly lower body mass index and the associated low development of walking ability and self-care envisages an urgent reform of residential institutions. Life in the institutions negatively affects the walking ability and self-care, and thus significantly reduces the quality of life of persons with Down's syndrome.
EN
The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being among parents of children with down syndrome. The relationship between perceiving one’s parenthood and well-being was also studied. The sample consisted of 126 parents (75 mothers and 51 fathers, aged 25-69) of children with down syndrome. our results show that ego-resiliency is a partial mediator of the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being. Moreover, there is a difference in well-being between parents who perceive their parenthood as a burden or challenge, and parents who report happiness and satisfaction.
EN
Parents of children with Down syndrome face many challenges related to their children’s disability. They manage to raise their children primarily thanks to their internal resources, protective psychological traits and help from other people. The aim of this study was to investigate the level of ego-resiliency as an important personality trait in a group of mothers and fathers of children with Down syndrome. The relationship between ego-resiliency and parental satisfaction was also studied. The sample consisted of 126 parents (75 mothers and 51 fathers). Our results show that there is no difference in the level of ego-resiliency between mothers and fathers of children with Down syndrome. Nevertheless, it is noticed that there is a difference in perceived stress, psychological well-being and some aspects of parental satisfaction between parents with high and low levels of ego-resiliency. These results give an interesting insight into the internal func- tioning of parents of children with Down syndrome.
PL
The birth of a child is a major event in family life, which makes parents take on an important role in their lives, characterised by new tasks, chief among which are the care and upbringing of their offspring. Unfortunately, in many families, some factors emerge that may affect their functioning, disrupt the course of family life, and leave a permanent mark on the family’s history. Such a situation can be difficult for many –and many parents find the process of accepting a child with a disability (Down syndrome) and themselves as parents of a child with Down syndrome a long and arduous journey, since taking care of a child, upbringing and supporting their development is an issue in itself, but also a challenge for parents. In many cases, both the child and their parents need support in their daily life, ensuring their high quality of life. The objective of this study is to outline the functioning of families of children with Down syndrome. Due to the complex nature of the issue at hand, only selected aspects of the functioning of families were diagnosed, showcasing the changes in the family life and its functioning as a result of the birth of children with Down syndrome. The study was based on qualitative methodologies, by analysing individual cases using interview technique and interview dispositions. The research group comprised 10 families of children with intellectual disabilities, and the interviewed group was made up of 10 mothers and 3 fathers in Zielona Góra.
EN
The process of adaptation to the role of a parent of a child with Down Syndrome  is very difficult, multi-staged and stress-causing both for mothers and fathers  (Będkowska-Heine, 2003; Kościelska, 1998; Liberska and Matuszewska, 2011;  Żyta, 2004). Coping with parental stress is a constant challenge for mothers and fathers  of a child with Down syndrome and it increases the significance of different types of social support. The choice of the coping strategy can improve the parents’ cognitive abilities and competences of emotional and behavioural control and it also facilitates a more positive assessment of their intellectually disabled child (Turnbull et al., 1993). If parents choose a more adaptive, problem-focused coping strategy, adaptation to the parental role proceeds more fluently and more adequately (Abery, 2006; Lackaye and Margalit, 2006; Van Riper, 2003). In addition, it has been proven  that receiving social support and using accommodative coping styles may boost  the process of adaptation to the role of a parent of a child with Down syndrome (Atkinson et al., 1995; Dunst, Trivette and Deal, 1988; Florian, Krulik, 1991;  Friedrich, Wilturner and Cohen, 1985; Lam and Mackenie, 2002; Sullivan, 2002; Van Riper, 1999).
PL
The process of adaptation to the role of a parent of a child with Down Syndrome is very difficult, multi-staged and stress-causing both for mothers and for fathers. Coping with the parental stress is a constant challenge for mothers and fathers of a child with Down syndrome and it increases the significance of different types of social support. The choice of coping strategy influences parents’ cognitive abilities, competences of emotional and behavioural regulation and facilities more positive assessment of their intellectually disabled child. In case parents choose more adaptive, that is problem – focused coping strategy the adjustment to parental role proceed more fluent, or even more adequate. In addition, it has been proven that receiving social support and using accommodative coping style may boost the process of adaptation to parental role of a child with Down syndrome.
EN
Agnieszka Jędrzejowska, Umiejętności komunikacyjne dzieci z zespołem Downa [Communication skills of children with Down Syndrome]. Interdyscyplinarne Konteksty Pedagogiki Specjalnej, nr 22, Poznań 2018. Pp. 201-218. Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-391X. DOI: https://doi.org/10.14746/ikps.2018.22.12 The purpose of this article is to present the results of research concern setting of functional cooperation with the interlocutor in children with Down syndrome in a peer group. Analysis of the results indicates the relationship between methods of therapy and development of children with Down syndrome. The methods of Alterantive and Augmentative Communication (AAC) are important in achieving success in building relationships for children with problems with verbal communication. Secondly, peer group is important to increase social skills. This research show that children with Downe syndrome need similar friends. This leads to the coclussion that group with homogeneous disability is area of development.
PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie osób z zespołem Downa jako cyfrowych tubylców z powodzeniem odnajdujących się w wirtualnej przestrzeni. Nowe technologie w ostatnich kilku latach coraz częściej są wykorzystywane przez osoby niepełnosprawne i ich środowiska jako narzędzie upowszechniania rzetelnej i prawdziwej wiedzy na temat niepełnosprawności, co podkreślono w art. 8 ratyfikowanej przez Polskę przed dwoma laty Konwencji o prawach osób niepełnosprawnych. Internet dla wielu użytkowników bez względu na wiek nierzadko jest jedynym źródłem wiedzy o otaczającym świecie. Aby przekonać się o tym, jakie informacje na temat jednej z bardziej znanych niepełnosprawności może odnaleźć przeciętny użytkownik globalnej sieci, dokonano analizy form obecności osób z zespołem Downa w wirtualnej przestrzeni.
EN
The purpose of this article was to show if the people with Down Syndrome as a Digital Natives. Role of new technology has been noticed in promotion of positive image of disabled people and emphasized in ratified by Poland Disabled Law Convention. Internet is often the first and the only source of information about disability for an average person. Therefore it is very important that information available online is formal and reliable and so it doesn’t popularize prejudicial stereotype that still exists in social consciousness. The author of the article analyzed websites about Down’s Syndrome in regards to reliability and accuracy of the information. It also analyzed whether the image of people with DS popularized on the mentioned above websites is in agreement with the purposes of Disabled Law Convention.
Logopedia
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2018
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vol. 47 EN
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issue 1
15-37
EN
Problems in the realization of the phonemic structure of the word (the composition and arrangements of phonemes) examined in relation to the syllabic structure of the word are presented in this article based on the example of the phenomena in the articulation of four children with moderate intellectual disability, aged 8–11 (two with cerebral palsy (CP) and two with Down syndrome). All children were diagnosed with oligophasia, three of them with dysglossia co-occurring with dysphagia, and the CP children – with dysarthria as well. In the articulation of the studied children there were paradigmatic disorders (in the form of distortion and substitution of phonemes) accompanied by syntagmatic disorders: changes in the word structure consisting in quantitative distortions (first of all reductions of the word structure resulting from the reduction of single phonemes and phoneme groups, the most frequent of the recorded phenomena being the simplification of consonant groups) and in qualitative distortions (mainly in the form of phoneme assimilation); a relatively large group consisted of words whose structure was considerably transformed as a result of the so-called combined changes.
EN
This article aims at discussing experiences of parents whose child was diagnosed with Down syndrome. It is based on a two-year fieldwork research in large cities in Poland that included in-depth interviews with families and discourse analysis of Internet sources. Down syndrome is one of the most common genetic disorders, caused by the presence of a third copy of chromosome 21. Due to genetic nature of the disorder, there is no known cure for DS. Low muscle tone and mental impairment are one of the most common symptoms. In this article I examine the role of the physiotherapy in lives of DS children parents. Their children may never be fully functioning intellectually, but in most cases their physical development, however delayed, will be successful. I argue that the mother dedication in finding new methods of improving their children physical abilities may be seen as a way of regaining agency and acceptance.
EN
Results of many studies show that caring for a child with Down syndrome can be a source of burden. Parents of these children face many financial, medical, social and psychological challenges. The main objective of this study was to answer two questions: (a) whether perceived social support mediates the relationship between perceived stress and psychological well-being among parents of children with Down syndrome, (b) whether there is any difference in the level of perceived stress between parents who conceive their parenthood in different categories such as burden or satisfaction-happiness. Data were collected from a total sample of 126 parents (75 mothers and 51 fathers). Mediation analysis has shown that social support is a partial mediator between perceived stress and psychological well-being in the group of parents of children with Down syndrome. Moreover, parents who viewed their parenthood as a burden reported a lower level of perceived social support than parents who reported their parenthood as satisfaction-happiness. This study can be helpful in a better understanding of the role of social support in the process of raising a child with Down syndrome.
Logopedia
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2022
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vol. 51
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issue 2
193-210
EN
The article discusses the usefulness of the latency-intensity function in ABR responses in the diagnosis of hearing in patients with Down’s syndrome. It is expedient to use different FLN parameters (latency-intensity function) in the case of Down syndrome in the differential diagnosis of hearing disorders. The results of the research in this study showed that the FLN slope in people with DS (Down’s syndrome) is different than in the control group, therefore, for the differential diagnosis of hearing disorders in DS, it is necessary to use FLN for people with DS and not for people with DS. auditory norm without DS. Hearing disorders in people with Down syndrome significantly affect the development of linguistic, communicative and social competences, which is why early audiological diagnostics, equipment with hearing prostheses and speech therapy, including auditory training in children with Down syndrome, are so important.
PL
W artykule została omówiona przydatność funkcji latencja-natężenie w odpowiedziach ABR w diagnostyce słuchu u pacjentów z zespołem Downa. Celowość zastosowanie odmiennych parametrów FLN (funkcja latencja-natężenie) w przypadku zespołu Downa w diagnostyce różnicowej zaburzeń słuchu ma istotne znaczenie. Wyniki badań w niniejszej pracy pokazały, że nachylenie FLN u osób z ZD (Zespół Downa) jest inne niż w grupie kontrolnej, w związku z tym do diagnostyki różnicowej zaburzeń słuchu w ZD, konieczne jest stosowanie FLN dla osób z ZD, a nie dla osób w normie słuchowej bez ZD. Zaburzenia słuchu w przypadku osób z zespołem Downa wpływają istotnie na rozwój kompetencji językowych, komunikacyjnych i społecznych, dlatego tak ważna jest wczesna diagnostyka audiologiczna, wyposażenie w protezy słuchowe i opieka logopedyczna z uwzględnieniem treningu słuchowego u dzieci z zespołem Downa.
PL
Cel badań. Celem badań jest wyjaśnienie zależności między stanem rozwoju równowagi statycznej mężczyzn z niepełnosprawnością intelektualną w stopniu umiarkowanym, doświadczonych zespołem Downa, a uczestniczeniem przez nich w szkolnych formach aktywności fizycznej. Materiał i metody. W badaniu wzięło udział 20 mężczyzn w wieku od 19 do 22 lat z umiarkowaną niepełnosprawnością intelektualną z zespołem Downa (n = 10) i bez zespołu Downa (n = 10). Zastosowano metodę obserwacji bezpośredniej oraz narzędzie – dwupłytową platformę posturograficzną. Rejestrowano podstawowe parametry równowagi statycznej w próbach stania dwiema stopami na platformie, w próbach z oczami otwartymi i zamkniętymi. Wyniki. Badani mężczyźni z zespołem Downa, których równowaga statyczna rozwijała się w warunkach aktywności fizycznej wyłącznie o charakterze szkolnym, uzyskali niższe wartości parametrów posturograficznych niż mężczyźni bez zespołu Downa rozwijający równowagę statyczną w tych samych warunkach. Wnioski. Istnieje związek między zdolnością równowagi statycznej a szkolną aktywnością fizyczną. Niedobór tej aktywności wiąże się ze zmniejszeniem równowagi statycznej u mężczyzn z zespołem Downa.
EN
Background. The cognitive objective of the study was to evaluate the static balance of men with Down syndrome participating in school forms of physical activity compared with peers with intellectual disability without Down syndrome. Material and methods. The total of 20 men aged 19–22 years with moderate intellectual disability with (n = 10) and without (n = 10) Down syndrome took part in the study. The applied method was direct observation, whereas the tool used was a double plate posturographic platform. Basic parameters of the static balance were measured in two attempts to stand on the platform with both feet in variants with eyes open and closed. Results. The studied men with Down syndrome obtained lower values of posturographic parameters than men without Down syndrome. Conclusions. There is a relationship between the ability of static balance and school physical activity. The scarcity of this activity is related to a reduced level of static balance of men affected with Down syndrome.
Logopedia
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2019
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vol. 48
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issue 1
373-385
PL
Celem artykułu jest wskazanie, jak ważną rolę w praktycznym i pełnym poznaniu najpoważniejszych schorzeń, z którymi spotkają się przyszli logopedzi – zespołu Downa, autyzmu i afazji, pełni pisarstwo autobiograficzne. Wykorzystując swoje immanentne cechy, autentyczność i wiarygodność przekazu, będzie w naturalny sposób wprowadzało w trudne problemy psychiczne, psychologiczne, a nawet medyczne. Dlatego też w kształceniu logopedycznym pisarstwo autobiograficzne dotyczące wymienionych chorób powinno być lekturą obowiązkową.
EN
The article focuses on the issue of autobiographical writing and the role it plays in the practical and full understanding of the most serious diseases that future speech therapists will encounter – Down syndrome, autism and aphasia. Using its immanent features, authenticity and credibility of the message, it will naturally introduce into difficult mental, psychological, and even medical problems. Therefore, in the speech therapy training, autobiographical writing concerning these diseases should be obligatory reading.
PL
Autorki artykułu sięgają po trudny, a jednocześnie fascynujący temat stymulacji rozwoju dziecka z zespołem Downa. Charakteryzują liczne trudności związane z dodatkowymi wadami towarzyszącymi zespołowi i wskazują na błędny sposób myślenia, często wynikający z dokonywania przeglądu dość odległej literatury, w której zostaje zaprezentowany stereotypowy wzór rozwoju dziecka z trisomią 21, niemający nic wspólnego z najnowszą wiedzą neurobiologiczną. Autorki, korzystając z własnego doświadczenia klinicznego oraz sięgając po literaturę przedmiotu, formułują tezę, że wszechstronną stymulację należy rozpocząć od pierwszych dni życia dziecka z zespołem Downa, a budując program terapeutyczny, warto korzystać z różnych metod i technik oddziaływań, w tym także językowych. W artykule zostają przedstawione również przykładowe ćwiczenia, które mogą być wykorzystane w czasie terapii dzieci z zespołem Downa.
EN
This article brings up a difficult and yet fascinating subject of stimulating the development of a child with Down syndrome. Authors of the article discussed numerous difficulties associated with additional defects accompanying the syndrome. They also pointed at a false way of thinking about the stereotyped development of a child with the trisomy 21 in quite distant literature which isn’t answering the new neurobiological knowledge. Authors exercised their own clinical experimentation as well as reached for the literature on the subject and formulated the thesis that the stimulation should begin in the first days of living of the child with the Down’s syndrome, and when building the therapy program it is worthwhile using various methods and techniques, including linguistic. Authors described also exercises which can be used in therapy.
Ius Matrimoniale
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2017
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vol. 28
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issue 1
81-102
EN
Down syndrome is a genetic disorder caused by the presence of all or part of a third copy of chromosome 21. Those with Down syndrome nearly always have physical and intellectual disabilities. For a possible marriage is the most important, that this defect is often accompanied by other diseases that have a smaller or greater impact on the lives of people with Down sindrome and their families. Among them are often mild or moderate mental retardation. Therefore, the question arises as to whether a persons with Down syndrome can celebrated validity marriage in the Catholic Church and what aspects must be taken into account when considering their legal situation.
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