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1

O pierwotnych siedzibach Słowian w świetle nowszych badań archeologicznych, lingwistycznych i historycznych

100%
Nalepa J.
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
|
2007
|
vol. 48
11-96
EN
The article is a polemic against the opinions of Kazimierz Godlowski and Michał Parczewski, who argue that the primeval homeland of the Slavs was located in the upper and the northern part of the middle river basin of the Dnieper. The author points to the inconsistencies and contradictions in archaeological argumentation and also serious heuristic and methodological deficiencies concerning the use of source data of history and linguistics. On the basis of the information from these disciplines - used in a more extensive, more critical and methodologically correct manner - especially this connected with linguistic proto-kinship, in particular the lexical one, and taking into account the characteristic archaic hydronymic and toponymic areas, additionally, increasing the corpus and critically analysing a cognitive value of the written sources, the author formulates a theory that the proto-settlements of the Slavs may not have been located along the Dnieper, where the Balts had their permanent settlements, but mainly in the river basins of the Vistula, the Oder and partly the Elbe, that is in the lands between the southern Baltic and the Carpathians, Sudeten and the Rudavy. Original article printed with German abstract.
2
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KONSTANTYN FILOZOF, CZYLI KTO?

100%
Wesoły M. A.
Konštantínove listy
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2020
|
vol. 13
|
issue 2
22 - 34
EN
This outstanding historical figure who died 1151 years ago on February 14, 869, has become known in history under a different name, often known without the eloquent epithet of ‘philosopher’, but with the added religious dignity of St. Cyril. He is usually compared to his elder brother St. Methodius, and they are nowadays commonly referred to as the Apostles to the Slavs, although today hardly anyone knows that their original names were Konstantinos and Michael. There is extensive literature on the importance of these Thessalonian brothers for the creation of the Slavic alphabet (Glagolitic) and the translation from Greek of the liturgical offices. The literature includes mainly religious, philological and historical perspectives, but there are only few philosophical and historiosophical considerations. In respect of the mentioned anniversary of Constantine – St. Cyril, we will reflect on his philosophical education, views and discussions with various interlocutors.
3

CHRISTIAN CONTENTS 'EASY AND UNDERSTANDABLE' FOR SLAVS IN THE FIRST YEARS AFTER CONVERSION

100%
Samsonowicz H.
Roczniki Historyczne
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2007
|
vol. 73
7-15
EN
Analyzing the Christian contents accepted in the earliest period of the conversion of Slav tribes, the author makes an attempt at uncovering some old pagan beliefs, especially those on the division of time, 'sacred' spaces, the afterlife, or good and evil spirits influencing man's life.
4

LES ARMES D’APPARAT ET LES PIÈCES D’EQUIPEMENT EQUESTRE DU PRESTIGE DANS LA RÉGION DU DNIEPR MOYEN ET SUPÉRIEUR A L’ÉPOQUE POST-HUNNIQUE

100%
Kazanski M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
|
vol. 68
|
issue 1
83 – 94
EN
Archaeological findings of prestigious nature of the post-Hunnic era (second half of the 5th–middle of the 6th c.) and items that testify to the spread of the ‘military’ material culture in the Upper and Middle Dnieper basin, on the territory of the Slavic cultures of Kolochin and Penkovka are considered. These findings enable to determine the geography of possible centres of power. One of them was on the left bank of the Dnieper, somewhere between the Upper Psel and the Desna, and the second on the right bank of the Dnieper, in the Ros-Tiasmina area. Findings of prestigious weapons (helmets of the Baldenheim type, an early Byzantine sword and a ‘prestigious’ horse bridle) and characteristic elements of a belt set indicate the formation of a military elite. Data from written byzantine sources of 530–570 confirm the existence of military leaders and professional soldiers in the Slavic society.
5
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THE CIVILISATIONAL IDENTITY OF THE BULGARIANS:TRADITIONAL AND CONTEMPORARY DILEMMAS (Cywilizacyjna tozsamosc Bulgarów: tradycyjne i wspólczesne dylematy)

100%
Valentin M.
Sprawy Narodowościowe
|
2010
|
issue 36
77-92
EN
The article deals with the civilisational identity of the Bulgarian people, and the place of the Bulgarians on the civilisation map of Europe. The main problem here is the nature of their civilisational identity: they do not have precise geographical coordinates but they are the result of subjective human perception. In addition, the issue of civilisational identity is a matter of political propaganda. From their historical traditions, the Bulgarians inherited several macro cultural elements, (proto)Bulgarian, Slavonic, Orthodox, Balkanic and European. Considered separately, each of them can form the base required to construct a framework of contemporary Bulgarian identity and its cultural relationship with other nations in Europe. Some of these elements form strong spiritual foci around which are formed their own cultural and civilisational circles. On this basis, the Bulgarian nation enters into various spatial and cultural-historical configurations. Among them, there is a hierarchy, which in today's open society primarily depends on the value and selfdetermination of each person. On the other hand, the interwoven cultural elements on the Bulgarian territory enable some researchers to talk about transitional identity structures - Bulgarian-Slavic, Slavic-Orthodox, Balkan-Slavic, Balkan-European and others. The author also investigates the geopolitical concept of the 'civilisational choice', which is supposed to determine the place of Bulgaria and the Bulgarians in Europe and in the world: is it in the West Euro-Atlantic sphere or in Eurasia?
6

Słowiańskie "święte" góry na ziemiach polskich we wczesnym średniowieczu - próba zarysowania problematyki

100%
Kuczkowski A.
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
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2007
|
vol. 48
97-124
EN
The article deals with the question of early medieval holy mountains identified in the course of archaeological studies in the Polish lands. On the basis of delimitation of the space considered as sacral, four types of such mountains have been determined, and within one of the types additionally two sub-types. The fifth type of mountainous sanctuaries has been isolated on the basis of a functional criterion, on the basis of the significance of non-archaeological sources. Original article printed with German abstract.
7

BYZANCIA, SLOVANIA A AVARSKÝ KAGANÁT V OBDOBI VLÁDY CISÁRA FOKU (602 – 610)

100%
Hurbanič M.
|
2010
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vol. 58
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issue 1
3-13
EN
The paper is devoted to the controversial reign of the Byzantine Emperor Phocas (602-610), especially from the point of view of his foreign policy towards the Slavs and Avars. The author evaluates the contemporary and later sources and the latest archaeological evidence. Both types of evidence refute the frequently repeated view that the Byzantine defensive system on the Danube collapsed in the reign of this Emperor.
8

О НЕКОТОРЫХ ОСОБЕННОСТЯХ РАСПРОСТРАНЕНИЯ КИРИЛЛИЧЕСКИХ ПАМЯТНИКОВ ЦЕРКОВНОГО ПРАВА У СЛАВЯН В РАННЕЕ НОВОЕ ВРЕМЯ

88%
Beljakova E. V.
Slavica Slovaca
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2020
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vol. 55
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issue 1
37 - 45
EN
The most important canon law texts were translated into Slavic in two stages: in the initial period of the spread of Christianity and in the heyday of independent Slavic states. In Early modern period, the complete codes of canons (Kormchie) were being copied mainly on the territory of the Moscow and Kiev metropolitanates while in the Balkans and Central Europe the Alphabetical Syntagma of Matthew Blastares and the so called Pseudozonar-miscellany were most widespread. The reason for dissemination of the Pseudozonar is the need for self-organization of church communities. This miscellany was open both for replenishment with new texts, including those coming from the Catholic tradition, as well as for local vernacular influences.
9

FROM THE ISSUES OF OLD SLAVONIC AND CHURCH SLAVONIC LANGUAGE (Z problematiky staroslovienskeho a cirkevnoslovanskeho jazyka)

88%
Dudasova-Krissakova J.
Slavica Slovaca
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2010
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vol. 45
|
issue 1
58-71
EN
Studying of Old Slavonic, Church Slavonic, their genesis, Old Slavonic and Church Slavonic marks, Old Slavonic writing, is the entrance to Slavic but also to studying of individual Slavic languages. Even though we are separated from creation of Slavistic as a science discipline by almost two hundred and fifty years, the scientists keep their attention turning back to those basic Slavistic themes because then we can better understand principles of synchronically and diachronically development of present Slavic languages. Also in new united Europe is Old Slavonic, as first standard Slavic language from the 9th century, mark of cultural commonality of Slavs and it is evidence of the fact that Slavic nations had participated largely on cultural development of European nations from dawn of their history.
10

Ludnośc słowiańska w zachodniej Starej Marchii

88%
Stephan J.
Slavia Antiqua: rocznik poświęcony starożytnościom słowiańskim
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2005
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vol. 46
93-114
EN
The author has examined colonization processes in the height of the Middle Ages, when Germans and Slavs lived as neighbours and co-operated in various ways, in the Old March, which bordered on Wendland, and exactly in the village district of Salzwedel lying on the outskirts of the historic Old Brandenburg March. The Slavic population in the territories east of Salzwedel, settled by the Slavs long before, was, during the colonization conducted by the Ascanians integrated with the German population and relatively quickly Germanized. The moraine areas west of Salzwedel were colonized as late as the beginning of the 12th century by the Slavs brought there by great landowners. A rather archaic system of tributes and taxes was observed there and there is evidence corroborating semi-free status of the Slavic population. It was a condition for their longer survival in the area. Only after the great plague and depopulation in the 14th century, the country folk received equal legal rights. There is no information about the Slavs or the Slavic law in the 15th century. However, in the 14th century, in the town of Salzwedel, there is a marked reluctance to accept the influx of the Slavic population. What is interesting, not a language or customs were considered as criteria, but the origin traced as far back as the second generation! In this way, Slavic origin became a category burdened with almost racist connotations. (Original paper published with the German summary)
11

SLAV ETHNOGENESIS: FROM MYTHS TO FACTS (Etnogeneza Slowian: od mitów ku faktom)

88%
Piontek J.
Archeologia Polski
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2009
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vol. 54
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issue 1
121-147
EN
The text addresses a critical analysis of J. Piontek's and R. Dabrowski's anthropological research on the ethnogenesis of the Slavs published by M. Dulinicz. The discussion would have been more interesting had Dulinicz confronted the determinations of physical anthropology with those of archaeology, Dulinicz's text is almost entirely devoted to a reinterpretation of results presented in the said anthropological studies, the author assuming that his 'own idea' of methods of investigating human biological variability will demonstrate the flaws of the presented approaches and support a 'proper' interpretation of the results of anthropological research. He failed to achieve this objective. Dulinicz acquainted himself with a number of works by J. Piontek and R. Dabrowski, developing in effect the conviction that he has understood in full the determinations of anthropologists in the field of interest to him. It is a wonder why certain archaeologists do not reach for studies referring to Slav ethnogenesis prepared within the framework of different natural science research programs. In Piontek and Dabrowski considerations, they concluded that no anthropological research to date has confirmed the theories of archaeologists about a discontinuity in the settlement of regions in the basins of the Oder and Vistula. This conclusion has not changed with the accretion of new source data. In fact, new analyses have increasingly supported the earlier findings. The anthropological research discussed by Dulinicz in his polemic concerned paleodemographic and morphological issues.In reference to these paleodemographic studies, Dulinicz rejected the arguments presented in J. Piontek's works as irrelevant, stating that they do not refute in any way whatsoever the theory about Slav origins popularized in Poland by a group of archaeologists. The backbone of the theory referred to nowadays as the 'allochthonous idea', has never been proved satisfactorily. Every hypothesis is grounded in a core statement, in this case a theory of demographic transformation. In the case of the allochthonous theory, the core statement admits the possibility of a sudden population growth among the Slavs. Unfortunately, no convincing data on the biological possibility of 'violent expansion' of the Slav population has appeared to date. With regard to morphological research, Dulinicz criticized solely the results of biological distance studies, subjecting the matrices of these distances to a new interpretation. Meanwhile, in the works in question, methods evaluating biological distance (Mahalanobis D2 distance and the Euclidean square distance) were applied in combination with multidimensional scaling of the matrices of biological distance and the principal component analysis (PCA), which seem to have escaped Dulinicz's attention entirely. Concluding, the author of the polemic used in his deliberations only a small part of the results presented by J. Piontek and R. Dabrowski.
12

POČIATKY ESOVITÝCH ZÁUŠNÍC

88%
Mesterházy K.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2023
|
vol. 71
|
issue suppl. 3
35 – 47
EN
The earliest form of this jewellery was the multiple S-ended rings, and its role was earring. After the late Avar period, this fashion changed and became the ‘lockenring’, and the multiple S ends transformed in a simple S form. The earliest finding sites are around the Lake Balaton (e.g. Keszthely, Kereki, Badacsonytomaj). This earring fashion appeared among the Moravian Slavs in the Morava and Thaya river valleys, and later almost everywhere among the Western Slavs. The beginning of this jewellery is in the Middle Avar period (last quarter of the 7th c.).
13

CELTS – THE GERMANS – THE SLAVS. ON THE TOPIC OF ETHNICITY OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SOURCES OF PROTOHISTORICAL TRIBES

88%
Šalkovský P.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
479 - 485
EN
The article deals with the capabilities of archaeology and its cooperative scientific disciplines in the study of expressions of protohistorical collective identities’ ethnicity which are rather limited. Nowadays, we have considerable problems with ethnicity of a large group of tribes, the main bearers of the LaTène culture, although considerably numerous historical, linguistic, epigraphic, palaeographic, iconographic and other sources are also available here. Despite this fact, we know that the Celtic tribes were aware of their related identity. Although not all LaTène culture bearers were necessarily Celts, most of them were; at the same time, not all Celtic tribes maintained this culture after being included into the Antique world. We know that also tribes called Germanic were aware of their related identity. It is documented by the facts that they all spoke mutually understandable languages originating from Proto-German and shared very close mythology. Material culture of individual Germanic tribes is rather significant and, in many cases, typical of a tribe; however, in contact with the Roman Empire and the Huns, mainly their elites gave up their tribal and ethnic identity. A large group of tribes was called Sclavini, Anti, Veneti by antique authors of the 6th c. and documented under their own names – Slovene, slovenski narod, slovensko plemja since the 9th c., although they simultaneously used numerous tribal or regional names. Archaeologically, these oldest Slavs are represented by three related cultures – Prague, Penkovka and Koločin, which are interpreted as historically known Sclaveni, Antes and Veneti, from which individual branches of the Slavs developed.
14

O SLOVENČINE A KONFESIONALIZME SLOVÁKOV

88%
Žeňuch P.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2023
|
vol. 58
|
issue 2
436 - 443
EN
The cultural language of the West Slovak Trnava region represents mainly the Catholic line of Slovak national and cultural development, it can be considered as an important stage of fulfilling the needs of Slovak society in the pre-codification period of the cultural development of Slovaks. This process of application of the cultivated national language in Bible translation was also realized in other Slavic nations and is closely related to the codification processes of Slavic national languages. The Slovak confessional development of the second half of the 18th century was also influenced by the struggle for the literary form of the Slovak language. Although language is a national-identifying attribute of a nation, the linguistic diversity of monuments associated with Slovakia, especially the place of their origin, also depends on the linguistic-cultural traditions of the diverse Slovak confessional communities. This linguistic diversity of monuments, however, only proves the multiplicity of the cultural-confessional development of the Slovaks and their linguistic-confessional traditions. The convergent development of the national Slovak language is proof of its function as a unifying means of communication.
15

PROBLEMATIKA VČASNÉHO STREDOVEKU NA SLOVENSKU

88%
Zábojník J.
|
2010
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vol. 58
|
issue 2
213-231
EN
The period from the sixth to the beginning of the eleventh century is called the Early Middle Ages. The paper evaluates the development of views on this period. There have been several stages in the development of views on the problem of the Early Middle Ages. The first extended from the beginning of the 19th century until after the origin of the first Czechoslovak Republic. The second stage lasted from the 1920s to the 1940s. Another stage began in February 1948 and ended in November 1989. The latter date was followed by the present stage. The study presents a conception of the division of the older phase of the Early Middle Ages. It is defined by the beginning of the sixth and the end of the eighth centuries. It is divided into the Early Slavonic period from the beginning of the sixth to about the middle of the seventh century, and the period of the Avar Kaganate in the southern marginal zones of Slovakia, from about 650 to 800 AD. In the rest of the territory of Slovakia, development continued from the settlement by the Slavs to the time of the origin of the first supra-tribal units around the year 800. The study also presents views on the barrow method of burial and the change of funeral rite from cremation to inhumation. The authors suppose that our territory was not settled by one, unnamed Slavonic group. The Slavs in the territory of Slovakia were not as important and dangerous as the Slavonic tribes settled in the immediate vicinity of important power-political units, which recognized them as hostile groups and so named them.
16

THE SLAVONIC-SLOVAK PATRIOT JAN KOLLAR (Slovansko-slovensky vlastenec Jan Kollar)

75%
Dorula J.
Slavica Slovaca
|
2009
|
vol. 44
|
issue 1
46-68
EN
Kollar's idea of the ethnic and linguistic unity of Slavs was affected by his schematic concept and subjectivism. His idea of a common standard language for Slovaks and Czechs was based on the principles of the Slavonic literary reciprocity. Kollar's postulate of the common literary language for Slovaks and Czechs did not, however, lead to a statement of ethnic fusion between Slovaks and Czechs. Jan Kollar himself was an ardent Slovak patriot and defender of Slovaks against the increasing pressure of Magyarization (Hungarization).
17

HURBANOVA KONCEPCE ČESKO-SLOVENSKÉ VZÁJEMNOSTI NA PŘÍKLADU OBROZENSKÉHO CESTOPISU

75%
Pátková J.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
|
2018
|
vol. 65
|
issue 3
165 - 182
EN
The study focuses on the conception of Czech-Slovak mutuality in one of the key travel texts of the 19th century, in the Hurban‘s Cesta Slováka ku bratrům slavenským na Moravě a v Čechách (Path of the Slovak to the Slavic brothers in Moravia and Bohemia) in 1839 (1841). As a type of so-called National Revival travelogue, it carries a number of stereotypical constructions, which are used in other texts of travelogue genre of the 19th century in the Czech and Slovak literature. The National Revival type of travelogue had a precise function, relying on modelling the positive representation of Slavic mutuality or Czech-Slovak mutuality in the thirties and 40-ties of the 19th century. Hurban's travelogue reflects this developmental position in the form of an emblematic capture of the landscape, with emphasis on meta-linguistic reflections on common language and modelling of stereotypical constructions in imaging close and different ethnicities. The study analyses the text in relation to both Czech and Slovak pretexts, which together form a specific paradigm system of national emblems and symbols.
18

NEW SETTLEMENT FINDS FROM NIZNA MYSLA. ON THE PROBLEM OF EARLY SLAVIC SETTLEMENT IN THE UPPER TISA REGION. (Nove sidliskove nalezy z Niznej Mysle. K problematike vcasnoslovanskeho osidlenia horneho Potisia)

75%
Fusek G., Olexa L., Zabojnik J.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2010
|
vol. 58
|
issue 2
337-363
EN
A rescue excavation on the area of a transit gas line construction was realised within two seasons at Nizna Mysla, Alamenev position. The site is a multicultural finding place with the focus of settlement during the Late Roman or the Migration period. The study presents early-Slavic finds, beginnings of which came back to the Migration period. They are remains of a pit-house and fragments of vessels that were found in settlement layers. The pottery finds are analysed from the point of view of their production and morphology, with metric data taken into consideration too. Based on the above-mentioned analyses, the pottery fragments from the pit-house are dated to the oldest I. phase of the Prague culture; the finds from the layers are dated to the same period or to the younger II. phase of the Prague culture in the Carpathian basin. Together with finds from the Zdana settlement they are unambiguous representatives of presence of Slavic communities with the Prague culture pottery in the area of Kosice basin that is a geographic part of the upper Tisa region. Relation of the Slavs with Germanic communities and chronological connections of the Slavic settlement with the Avar Khaganate are the topic of consideration. In present, however, no apposite finds or results of the scientific dating methods are available, which could precise the absolute chronology of finds of the time period ranging from the 470s to the year 567/568. Analysis of the Germanic settlement of eastern Slovakia at the end of the Migration period proved its extinction, which provides for dating of the Slavic penetration starting phase to the territory under discussion. The study also substantiates why beginnings of the Early Slavic settlement reach even more back to the pre-Avar period. This statement is indicated also by a remarkable mutual respect, which these two ethnic and civilization circles had for the territories they occupied. This phenomenon is characteristic not only for the Migration period late horizon but for the Avar Khaganate period as well.
19
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PRÍSPEVOK K TOPONYMII ZÁHORIA Z HĽADISKA ARCHEOLOGICKÉHO A HISTORICKO-LINGVISTICKÉHO

75%
Bača R.
Študijné zvesti
|
2013
|
issue 53
159 - 181
EN
The study deals with toponymy of the most western part of Slovakia (Záhorie), which represent (create) the border with Czech Republic. The names of the villages and their terrain parts show that the region was situated in a marshy environment. The living conditions in this area were preferred by the Slavs rather than the Hungarians. The main orientation thoroughfares were the rivers: Danube, Morava, Myjava and their tributary streams. The archaeological researches and surveys have testified the plentiful Slav settlements from the beginning of the 6th century AD. Most of the village and terrain names inform us of the Christian and Pagan cults of our ancestors.
20
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GERARD LABUDA (1916-2010) (Gerard Labuda (1916-2010))

75%
Strzelczyk J.
Przegląd Zachodni
|
2011
|
issue 1(338)
3-19
EN
The article is devoted to Prof. Gerard Labuda, an outstanding historian, who passed away in October 2010. He was an excellent expert on the history of the Slavs and Poland, as well as on Polish-German relations, a scholar who combined the enormous knowledge of a medievalist with interest in the present. The author refers to the impressive bibliography of Prof. Labuda's works published within the span of seventy years of his scientific activity, and distinguishes the following thematic blocks: studies on Slav antiquities and early medieval history of Western Slavdom, the origins and early history of the Polish state and the Church in Poland, Polish-German relations and the history of Germany, problems of European medieval history, and also the history of his native Kashubia. The author brings out the thread of reflection on methodology, historiography, study of source texts and general issues of the history of culture that runs through Prof. Labuda's publications. Attention is also drawn to Prof. Labuda's dedication to such areas of activity as teaching, editorship and organization and propagation of science.
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