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EN
The main purpose of the paper is to analyze the transfo rmations of the idea of brotherhood in Christian and secular thought and its impact on the current development and social policy of the EU. The paper shows the differences between Catholic and secular approaches to the idea brotherhood. A renewed concept of brotherhood for the UE needs to change the utilitarian background and turn to the selfless attitude towards other human beings and communities in need. The above thesis is located in political philosophy, partially in theology and public policy.
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EN
The love service, serving of sacraments and announcing of the Word of God – these are the three main tasks which belong to the deepest meaning of the Church. They underlie together and cannot be separated. Because the Catholic Church is society of the children of God, have to be submerged in love. This dutz is considered as the main mission from the beginning, as we read about it in encyclical Deus caritas est – the God is Love.
EN
The paper reconstructs the polemic between Ludwik Królikowski and Jan Czyński unfolding in the magazine ‘Polska Chrystusowa’. Both authors elaborated concepts of the change of reality – Królikowski propounded the Association (Zjednoczenie), Czyński – the Commune (Gmina). The Association was in fact a form of a Christian ultimate system, which required a total break up with actual reality. The Association was also marked by their hostile attitude towards the ‘pagan’ milieu. On the other hand, the Commune was a Polish version of Fourier’s Phalanstery – a project of an autonomic cooperative that was supposed to work towards the improvement of the social and living standards of its members. Several threads from this polemic were continued in a subsequent refl ection, having set the direction of the transformations and development of Polish socialist thought.
EN
The close coincidence between the 50 years of the Council and the 50 years of the Encyclical “Pacem in Terris” by John XXIII is significantly representative of the particular kind of journey undertaken by the Catholic Church, which insists on the very topic of peace. With its reflections and its concrete work on this crucial issue of human history and contemporary history in particular, the Church stands as one of the most active subjects of the scenario of today’s world engaged in the construction of theoretical and practical scenarios of peaceful coexistence among peoples. This is particularly evident considering the topics which the last two Popes Benedict XVI and Francis cared and taught about. Particularly, the central idea of the first message of Pope Francis for the International Day of Peace (January 1st 2014) talks about the brotherhood that, as the essential dimension of man as rational being, is an essential dimension for the building of a just society and of a solid and long lasting peace. This observation leads to the contemporary and delicate matter of the relationships between North and South, to the raising occurrence of immigration, to the problem of the relationship and balance between cultures and different worlds. As in this field, and more widely in the one of the acceptance and solidarity, the work of the Church seems particularly intense, and the Pope’s judgment is of a great importance. According to the Pope, the relational difficulties of men in a time of multiculturalism are born of a cultural matter and of a particular vision of the reality. The new ideologies – according to Francis – characterized by widespread individualism, egocentrism and materialistic consumerism, weaken the social bounds. Francis considers the principle of brotherhood (that is the evangelical concept quite different from the most generic concept of solidarity) as a concrete articulation of the opportunity to build peaceful human relationships. The brotherhood is a condition for concrete and political human works to reach the social justice, to defeat poverty, to set economical systems based on new economical models and lifestyles, to check fears and wars, to defeat corruption and crime, to help preserving the natural resources. The way of peace today – according to Pope Francis’ specific interpretation – is bound to the development of links of brotherly relations, mutuality and forgiveness: these concepts are not really moralistic but they are set out according to a precise way of growth of the contemporary society. This vision of dignity of man as a condition of harmonic social development, based on mutuality and global peace, comprises an in-depth analysis of the topics of social doctrine already confronted by Benedict XVI, whose reflections on the topic of peace among men and Countries, have been widely dealt with. Pope Ratzinger’s approach cares about the human being with his vital – material and spiritual – needs thus explaining his particular persistence on economical and social topics linked to today’s economical and financial crisis, as it appears clear in the message for the International Day of Peace of the year 2013. The economical growth cannot be pursued by penalizing “the social functions of the State and the webs of solidarity of civil society”, thus violating the social rights and duties, in particular the right to work. For the peace operators a high, even political, profile, is expected: to act for the affirmation of a “new model of development and economy”, that is, of a model of good global governance, bound to the binomial State of right/social State, the two faces of the same coin called humanly sustainable statehood. Thus, Pope Benedict makes his own a fundamental principle of the current international Law of human rights, the principle of interdependency and indivisibility of all person right’s, which means that the right to work, the right to feed, the right to assistance in case of necessity, the right to health, the right to education, are as fundamental as the right to freedom of association. This principle has its root in the ontological, material and spiritual truth of human being. This is the field of humanism that, according to Benedict XVI, must be “a humanism open to the transcendence”, marked by “the ethic of communion and partake” and respectful of “the unavoidable natural moral law written by God in the conscience of each and every man”. The Pope states that the first education to peace is within family, that the article 16th of the Universal Declaration defines as “the fundamental and natural core of society that has the right to be protected from the society and the State”.On the same educational field the Pope assigns a special task to “the cultural, scholastic and academic institutions” to make them undertake, besides the formation of “new generations of leaders”, “the renewal of public, national and international institutions” too. In the multi-thematic vision of Benedict XVI the considerations on freedom of religion have great relevance, which the Pope means as dual freedom: freedom from (for example, from constriction about the choosing of its own religion) and freedom to (witness, teach, etc.). Strictly linked to this passage is the affirmation that “an important cooperation to peace is that judiciary and the administration of justice recognize the right to use the principle of freedom of conscience towards the laws and governmental measures that threaten the human dignity, as abortion and euthanasia”. The widest theological interpretation of the history proposed by Pope Ratzinger gives an overall view to world and time, so that it can set contemporary culture free, mostly the Catholic one, from non-Christian lines of interpretation that have been dominant in the 20th century. Objectives The study has the purpose to go deep through the conceptual and cooperative contribution of the most recent teaching of Catholic Church about human rights, peace, peaceful interstate and intercultural relationships. The research underlines the contribution that the papal Magisterium has given to the building of a more aware sensibility, among peoples and the people in charge of the States, towards the concrete topics linked to the theme of peace. Methods The method pursued in the course of the study is about a systematic illustration of the sources, giving ample space to original the texts. The interpretation of papal documents always considers the published critical literature. The topics carried out are developed for thematic units, to give a better expositive and interpretative clarity.
Verbum Vitae
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2021
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vol. 39
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issue 1
163-198
EN
Over the last decades many scientific and popularizing biblical publications have debated on the nature of David and Jonathan’s relationship described in 1 and 2 Samuel. Several exegetes have interpreted this relationship as homosexual or at least homoerotic, but such understanding does not correspond to the text of 1 Sam 18 – 2 Sam 1. The narrative of David’s ascent to throne (1 Sam 16,1 – 2 Sam 5,5) does not provide direct indications of a sexual background in the interpersonal relationship between the two claimants to the throne. The connections between 1 Sam 18 – 2 Sam 1 and Song of Songs concern only the terminology and don’t allow to ascribe sexual (homoerotic) connotations in the stories of 1Samuel. The Deuteronomist emphasizes primarily theological and socio-political level of the brotherhood of David and Jonathan, but his idea of the male friendship in 1 Sam 16,1 – 2 Sam 5,5 has also a strong emotional aspect.  
PL
W wielu biblijnych publikacjach naukowych i popularyzatorskich na przestrzeni ostatnich dekad toczy się żywa debata na temat charakteru relacji łączącej Dawida i Jonatana, utrwalonej w Księgach Samuela. Niektórzy przypisują tej więzi podtekst homoseksualny, a przynajmniej homoerotyczny, jednakże tego typu interpretacja nie znajduje potwierdzenia w materiale źródłowym 1 Sm 18 – 2 Sm 1. Cykl o dojściu Dawida do władzy (1 Sm 16,1 – 2 Sm 5,5) nie komunikuje wyraźnych sygnałów, które wskazują na seksualne podłoże relacji międzyosobowej pretendentów do tronu. Sugerowana przez niektórych autorów lektura tradycji 1 Sm 18,1 – 2 Sm 1 w kluczu idei homoseksualizmu oraz jej więź z Pieśnią nad Pieśniami dotyczy jedynie płaszczyzny terminologicznej i nie pozwala przypisać tekstom z Pierwszej Księgi Samuela wydźwięku intymnego (homoerotycznego). Opisując braterską więź Jonatana i Dawida, deuteronomista akcentuje nade wszystko jej teologiczny i społeczno-polityczny aspekt, co nie oznacza, że utrwalony przez niego obraz męskiej przyjaźni nie posiada mocnego zabarwienia emocjonalno-uczuciowego.  
PL
Artykuł prezentuje problematykę chrześcijańskiego braterstwa. W teologicznym rozumieniu braterstwo zostało ukazane jako wspólnota z Bogiem i mające swe źródło już w akcie stworzenia. Człowiek stworzony na obraz i podobieństwo Boga realizuje się zarówno we wspólnocie z Bogiem, jak również we wspólnocie osób. W tej drugiej istotną rolę odgrywają procesy psychologiczne, a wśród nich uwarunkowania komunikacji interpersonalnej. Ostatnia część artykułu ukazuje dojrzałą komunikację interpersonalną jako istotny warunek tworzenia wspólnoty i wzajemnego braterstwa.
EN
The article presents the issue of Christian brotherhood. The theological understanding of brotherhood has been shown as the communion with God and having its source in the act of creation. Man created in the image and likeness of God participates in the communion with God, as well as in the communion of people. In the latter communion an important role is played by psychological processes, including the conditions of interpersonal communication. The last part of the article presents a mature interpersonal communication as a crucial condition of creating communion and mutual brotherhood.
EN
The slogan of the French revolution, Liberté, ègalité, fraternité, is in Slavic languages categorized in a variety of ways: as a revolutionary triad, a list of basic values, non-material goods, key concepts, ideas, rights or goals, as a socio-political doctrine, an admonition, motto, programme, slogan or appeal. In this article, it is proposed that it be treated as a collection in the sense of Lublin cognitive ethnolinguistics, more specifically as a “collection of values”. Discussed are rare cases of quoting the original untranslated French collection in Slavic languages, as well as its translations and transformations, e.g. those that involve a change of one element: Liberty, equality, democracy; Liberty, equality, university, etc. In other cases, the whole construction functions as a component of a larger set of values. Attention is drawn to semantic relations between values within the construction, as well as to social functions and profiles of this constructions and its derivatives.
PL
Hasło rewolucji francuskiej Liberté, Ègalité, Fraternité (wolność, równość, braterstwo) jest w językach słowiańskich kategoryzowane i określane w różny sposób: jako triada rewolucyjna, wartości fundamentalne, dobra niematerialne, pojęcia kluczowe, doktryna społecznopolityczna; nakazy, idee, dewizy, hasła, prawa, cele; program, slogan, apel. W artykule proponuje się, aby traktować sekwencję wolność, równość, braterstwo, jako kolekcję (rozumianą zgodnie z terminologią używaną w lubelskiej szkole etnolingwistyki kognitywnej), w tym przypadku -- kolekcję wartości. Autor omawia rzadkie warianty cytowania w tekstach słowiańskich oryginalnej francuskiej kolekcji bez jej tłumaczenia, a także funkcjonowanie licznych tłumaczonych i transformowanych konstrukcji, np. z wymianą jednego członu: wolność, równość, demokracja; wolność, równość, uniwersytet itp., oraz przypadki, w których cała konstrukcja jawi się jako część składowa  szerszej listy wartości. Analizowane są relacje semantyczne między wartościami w ramach całej konstrukcji, a także społeczne funkcje i profile konstrukcji wolność, równość, braterstwo i konstrukcji tworzonych na jej podobieństwo.
RU
There is no abstract available for this language
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Penser la fraternité

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PL
How can we think of a polysemous reality like that of brotherhood? We propose the theological paradigm of the frontier as a method. This paradigm will allow us: first, to read the forms of fraternity (in an articulation of the singular, the particular and the universal); second, to question fraternity anthropologically (which articulates the questions of origin, becoming and end); finally, to consider fraternity ethically (by questioning it from the face of the other, from the socio-cultural values, norms and principles that condition it).
PL
Sport, a szczególnie piłka nożna postrzegane są jako domena typowo męska, zarówno w kontekście zawodników, jak i kibiców. Poniższy artykuł dotyczy procesów kształtowania narracji o męskości w środowisku kibiców piłkarskich. Ma on na celu wyjście poza stwierdzenie, że świat kibiców to męski świat. Analiza zawarta w tekście dotyczy tego, jak męski charakter kibicowania jest kształtowany i podtrzymywany. Z tego powodu celem niniejszego studium jest próba odpowiedzi na następujące pytania badawcze: (a) za pomocą jakich kategorii kibice opisują znaczenie męskości i relacji między mężczyznami – kibicami?; (b) w jaki sposób degradują męską tożsamość innych kibiców? Analiza narracji o męskości pozwala wyodrębnić najważniejsze kategorie męskości dominujące w tym środowisku, które związane są z manifestowaniem męskości poprzez braterskie więzi, jak również poprzez feminizację innych mężczyzn. Akceptowalną formą męskich więzi jest „braterstwo”, którego granice kształtowane są przez wykluczanie z tej sfery kobiet oraz feminizowanie mężczyzn, którzy nie pasują do obrazu „prawdziwie” męskiego kibica.
EN
Sport, particularly football, is often defined as a “men’s world” in respect to both players and fans. This paper investigates the process of constructing a narrative about manhood in the world of football fans, and aims to go beyond the observation that football fandom is male-dominated. Furthermore, it examines how the “male character” of fandom culture is shaped and maintained. By doing so, this study addresses two research questions: (a) Which semantic categories are used by fans to underline the significance of manhood and ‘homosocial bonds’ between male fans? (b) How do football fans undermine the masculinity of other fans? An analysis of fans’ narratives of masculinity allows us to identify the most important categories used in fandom culture that aim to either boost one’s ‘masculine identity’ or feminize those who do not fit into the mold of hegemonic masculinity.
ELPIS
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2016
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vol. 18
127-131
PL
Niniejszy artykuł analizuje chrześcijańskie rozumienie rodziny. W kontekście nauki ewangelicznej dokonuje porównania rodziny fizycznej, rodziny duchowej – wspólnoty wiary i wspólnoty ludzkiej.
EN
This article examines the Christian understanding of the family. In the context of the teachings of the Gospel performs a comparison of physical family, spiritual family - the community of faith and the human community.
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Rewolucja oczami Wandei

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EN
Revolution seen through the eyes of VendéeThis paper aims at reviewing a publication entitled "The Franco-French Genocide. Vendée – the Department of Vengeance" by Reynald Secher. The book touches on the issue of fights between the Republicans and peasants opposing the regime of the revolutionaries. This event’s history has been hushed up. Moreover, it has effectively been removed from the national narrative. Reynald Secher propagates the process of reminding us of those facts. In this review, information on the fights will be contrasted with theories presented by other historians in order to make the reader aware of the whole process’s complexity and of many persistent inaccuracies.Materials collected by the author will be subjected to our analysis. Due to the reconstruction of events by eye-witnesses, previously an underestimated but abundant source of knowledge, the author has learned the truth about the acts of the revolutionary heroes. In Secher's work, the accuracy with which he presents all the issues becomes equally important.Special attention should be paid to the very word “genocide” and its associations. Indeed, the work is not focused on carnage. Instead, it plays a part both as a reminder that carnage did take place, and a presentation of reasons for its occurrence. Rewolucja oczami WandeiNiniejsza praca ma na celu zrecenzowanie publikacji „Ludobójstwo francusko-francuskie. Wandea - Departament Zemsty” Reynalda Sechera. Książka dotyczy walk między republikanami oraz chłopami sprzeciwiającymi się rządom rewolucjonistów. Historia o tym zdarzeniu została wyciszona i skutecznie usunięta z narracji narodowej. Reynald Secher propaguje proces „odpamiętnienie” tamtejszych wydarzeń. W niniejszej recenzji informacje na temat walk zostaną skontrastowane z teoriami prezentowanymi przez innych historyków, aby uświadomić czytelnikowi złożoność całego procesu oraz o wielu wciąż istniejących nieścisłościach.Analizie poddane zostaną zebrane przez autora materiały. Dzięki rekonstrukcji zdarzeń oczami bezpośrednich świadków wydarzeń, będącymi dotąd niedocenioną skarbnicą wiedzy, autor poznał prawdę o czynach bohaterów rewolucji. W pracy Sechera równie ważna staje się szczegółowość, z jaką przedstawia wszystkie elementy.Szczególną uwagę należy przyłożyć do samego słowa „ludobójstwo” i konotacji z nim związanych. Sednem pracy nie jest bowiem przedstawienie rzezi, ale przypomnienie, że miała ona miejsce i zaprezentowanie powodów jej zaistnienia.
PL
Artykuł eksploruje obecność normy solidarności w potocznych koncepcjach miłości łączącej rodzeństwo oraz w doświadczaniu posiadania rodzeństwa wśród sióstr i braci. Na podstawie badań sondażowych techniką ankiety audytoryjnej z przewagą pytań o charakterze otwartym, przeprowadzonych w latach 2015–2016 wśród 226 studentów pierwszych lat studiów licencjackich na Wydziale Nauk Społecznych UAM, analizuje się atrybuty miłości między rodzeństwem, zalety i wady posiadania rodzeństwa oraz stopień zaufania wobec członków najbliższej rodziny. Uzyskane dane o charakterze jakościowym i ilościowym pozwalają na wniosek, że w dobie denormalizacji i desolidaryzacji zobowiązań rodzinnych, relacja łącząca rodzeństwo w okresie wczesnej dorosłości opiera się tym procesom. Jej istotą jest altruizm, szeroko rozumiane wsparcie, zaufanie, poświęcenie oraz bezinteresowność. W opracowaniu podejmuje się także próbę wskazania źródeł postrzegania rodzeństwa w tych kategoriach.
EN
This paper explores the presence of norms of solidarity in widespread concepts of the love binding siblings, and in the experience of having siblings. The attributes of love between siblings, the advantages and disadvantages of having siblings, and degrees of confidence in nearest kin were analyzed on the basis of research using the auditory survey technique (with the majority of the questions being open) conducted in the years 2015-2016 on 226 students in their first year of bachelor’s degree studies at the Department of Social Sciences of the UAM. The quantitative and qualitative data makes it possible to conclude that in this time of a denormalization and desolidarization of family ties the relationship between siblings in early adulthood has resisted these processes. The essence of the relationship is altruism, in the sense of support, trust, dedication, and selflessness. An attempt is also made in the article to point to the source for viewing siblings in these categories.
PL
Przedmiotem analiz zawartych w niniejszym artykule jest interpretacja genezy solidarności z perspektywy papieskiego nauczania zaprezentowanego w Orędziu na Światowy Dzień Pokoju 2014. Zasada solidarności w ujęciu Franciszka nawiązuje do dobra wspólnego. Ważnym zagadnieniem omawianego orędzia jest bowiem kwestia wspólnego działania na poczet dobra wspólnoty, a ściślej fakt, iż z tegoż działania nikt nie może być wyłączony. Wskazuje się na dwa elementy składowe fundamentu solidarności. Pierwszym z tychże elementów jest aktywność ludzka realizowana w ścisłym nawiązaniu do norm moralnych. Drugi element fundamentu solidarności stanowi pokój Chrystusowy. Jezus jest Pokojem. Chrześcijanie mają obowiązek głosić Chrystusa w słowie i czynie, co jest równoznaczne z budowaniem w świecie ładu Bożego. Publikacja jest podzielona na dwie części. Tematyka pierwszego rozdziału oscyluje wokół koncepcji solidarności w kontekście dobra wspólnego, stanowiącej nawiązanie do zagadnień zawartych w Sollicitudo rei socialis. Natomiast część druga jest poświęcona źródłom koncepcji solidarności autorstwa papieża Franciszka, a więc moralnie uporządkowanej aktywności ludzkiej oraz zagadnieniu pokoju Chrystusowego.
EN
The paper discusses the foundation principles of solidarity set out in the papal teaching presented in the Message for the World Day of Peace 2014. Francis’ view on the notion of solidarity derives from the concept of common good. The key point of the papal discourse is the problem of the communal effort for the good of the entire community where it is strongly emphasized that no-one ought to be excluded from this task. There are two constituting elements of the principle of solidarity. The first one is the human activity which respects the moral norms. The latter, is the peace of Christ. Jesus is the Peace. Christians are called to proclaim Christ by their words and actions which corresponds to the call of building the God’s order in the world. The paper is divided into two parts. The first one accounts for the notion of solidarity in the context of the common good and relates to the teaching presented in Sollicitudo rei socialis. The latter part, on the other hand, focuses on Pope Francis’ ideas on the origins of the concept of solidarity that is the morally human activity, and the peace brought by Christ.
PL
Początków bractw religijnych należy szukać już w starożytności, kiedy to grupy ludzi grzebały zmarłych w katakumbach. Na zachodzie pierwsze bractwa powstały już we wczesnym średniowieczu (Niemcy, Francja). Do rozpowszechnienia tego typu organizacji przyczynili się benedyktyni. Ich śladem już w XVIII wieku poszedł kler świecki, który do swych wspólnot brackich przyjmował ludzi zasłużonych. W X wieku istniało wiele bractw we Włoszech i to różnych kategorii. Szeregi bractw zasilały nie tylko osoby świeckie, ale i duchowne. W Polsce rozwój bractw zawdzięczamy kulturze francuskiej, a ich początków należy szukać już w XI lub XII wieku. Organizacje brackie w Polsce różniły się składem społecznym, stanowym i zawodowym, a także stawianymi sobie celami, co przełożyło się na różne ich nazwy. Największy jednak rozkwit bractw w Europie i w Polsce przypada na okres nowożytny, kiedy to do każdego odcinka życia społecznego, każdej warstwy społecznej docierały bractwa i każdy niezależnie od płci i wieku znajdował w nich odpowiednie formy przeżyć religijnych i możliwość działalności społeczno – charytatywnej.
EN
The origins of religious brotherhoods should be sought in ancient times, when groups of people buried their dead in the catacombs. In the west, the first fraternities came into being in the early Middle Ages (Germany, France). The Benedictines contributed to the prevalence of this type of organization. In the eighth century, secular clergy followed in their footsteps, taking deserving people into their communities. In the tenth century, there were many fraternities of various kinds in Italy. The ranks of the brotherhoods were fed not only by laymen but also by clergy and religious. In Poland, we owe the development of fraternities to French culture and their beginnings are to be found in the eleventh or twelfth century. Brotherhood organizations in Poland varied in their social composition and included people from different states of life and professions, as well as in their aims. This variety is reflected in their names. However, the fraternities flourished most in Europe and Poland in the modern period, when fraternities penetrated to every segment of social life and layer of society, and everyone regardless of sex and age could find in them appropriate forms of religious experience and opportunities for social and charitable activity.
15
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EN
Presented study deals with the cultural dimension. It analyses external and internal human activities, that are creating the polarity develop values. The aim of the study is to clarify and connect the theoretical level of thinking with the reality of life practice, which shows the true meaning of human existence. Concept. The study highlights the importance of human thinking and decision making. Through the actions, one develops and creates the values of human dignity. The study focuses on the importance of two dimensions (horizontal and vertical dimensions of man), the relationship of man to God. Human culture includes behavior that can be learned and is shaped by the environment in which one lives. This contribution is  to clarify a culture of thinking that is a reflection of the soul of human being. Since culture is not only a matter of individual dispositions but also of social reality, it is right to underline this dual aspect of the plurality dimension (Binetti et al., 2021).             Conclusion. The study identifies a fundamental aspect of the culture's values, which show the potential of the soul of every human being. Human values influence thinking and actions of human being, thus creating the image of God.
Nurt SVD
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2022
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issue 2
197-212
PL
Encyklika Fratelli tutti papieża Franciszka zarysowuje koncepcję braterstwa i przyjaźni społecznej, jakie kierują się w stronę człowieka osadzonego w wyzwaniach współczesności. Jej podstawowym celem jest, jak zawsze w nauczaniu papieskim, odkrywanie aktualności i głębi przesłania ewangelicznego w kontekście zmian społeczno-politycznych – czy szerzej: religijnokulturowych, jakie współcześnie się dokonują. Tym bardziej rośnie potrzeba właściwego zrozumienia propozycji przedstawionych przez papieża, a dotyczących źródeł postawy braterstwa oraz sposobów realizacji miłości chrześcijańskiej w codziennym życiu. Skierowanie uwagi odbiorców na ewangeliczną przypowieść o miłosiernym Samarytaninie ma pomóc w budzeniu wrażliwości na obecność bliźnich oraz w powrocie na drogę do budowania jedności i solidarności w Kościele i świecie.
EN
The encyclical Fratelli tutti of Pope Francis outlines the concept of fraternity and social friendship, which are directed towards a man embedded in the challenges of our times. Its primary goal is, as always in the papal teaching, to discover the relevance and depth of the Gospel message in the context of socio-political or, more broadly, religious and cultural changes that we are undergoing. All the more, there is a growing need for a proper understanding of the proposals presented by the Pope regarding the sources of the attitude of brotherhood and the ways of implementing Christian love in everyday life. Directing the audience’s attention to the evangelical parable of the Good Samaritan is to help awaken sensitivity to the presence of others and return to the path of building unity and solidarity in the Church and in the world.
EN
In the article the issue of community evangelization springing from the Church’s experience of communion is undertaken. In its initial part the concepts of evangelization and the Church’s communion are precisely defined. Then the author stresses that the Church by its nature has the character of community, which results from both the social nature of man and God’s idea to lead people to salvation not individually, but as a community. Small Christian communities have a special place in the work of evangelization, and it is in them that the Church’s shepherds see one of the most important signs of its revival. It is exactly them that allow to keep and develop faith in the modern world, and at the same time they become dynamic circles involved in evangelization. They give the world a testimony of unity and of Christian love. This love is expressed in preaching the truth of the Gospel, it is fed and consolidated by common celebration of liturgy, and it is made concrete by the service to all people, especially the ones afflicted with suffering.
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EN
The parable of the father and his two sons in the Gospel of Luke (Luke 15:11-32) makes part of a series of parables depicting the attitude of God toward sinful man. It is the attitude of seeking, concern, love, and joy in the presence of which nobody, even the greatest sinner, is excluded. The present article focuses on that attitude by exposing relationships between father and his two sons. Despite the fact that the narrative presents the events from the perspective of the sons, the father can be considered the main character of the parable. The story of the sons shows the drama of father’s love which was rejected and misunderstood by them. Both sons lose their dignity by denying their father’s love, but only the younger seems to realize it. The father shows both of them the same love and assures them that in his eyes they have never lost their sonship and they have never been deprived of it. Each of the children has to be re-adopted; each in his own way indicated by the father. The younger has to accept paternal forgiveness which is full of mercy and joy prompted by his return. The elder, on the other hand, has to imitate the mercy and joy offered by the father to his younger son.
Facta Simonidis
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2015
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vol. 8
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issue 1
9-25
EN
In this article the author discusses some preconditions of present military conflict between Russia and Ukraine getting to the conclusion that this situation has been caused by historical precedents of political, moral and psychological aggression of the Russian government. The author analyses the place of the official Russian ideology «Moscow is the third Rome» in relation to Ukraine, as well as concepts like «Russian lands gathering», «single Russian world». What is also being mentioned is the disrespect of historical, cultural and mental differences between «Great Russian» and «Little Russian» and artificial assimilation of the Ukrainian people in 16th-19th centuries.
UK
Розглянуто деякі передумови теперішнього конфліктного стану російсько-українських відносин, що спричинений, на думку автора, також історичними прецедентами політичної та морально-психологічної агресивності з боку офіційної Москви. Проаналізовано місце в політиці Росії щодо України офіційної ідеології «Москва – третий Рим», концепцій: «собирание русских земель», «единый русский мир». Наведено факти дискредитації російською владою українських політиків, зневаження історико-культурних, ментальних відмінностей між «великоросами» та «малоросами», штучної асиміляції українського населення у XVII – XIX століттях.
EN
Youth is an important period in human life as it influences whole future on an individual. John Paul II, as evidenced by his teaching during the World Youth Day, granted special consideration to the young people. Also the Church pays special attention to the early period of human life, a key stage in religious formation. The Polish Pope called the youth „future and hope of the world” and oxen claimed that Christ needs the young people in order for the Gospel to reach to all corners of the world. They youth seek ideals and want to grant sense to their lives. They want to build their lives on solid foundations. Youth is open to intellectual growth, therefore it is worthwhile to cultivate broad education at this stage of life which is characterized by good memory and ability to reason in logical manner. Youth is the period of increased creativity, although it is also characterized by criticism. The article is an attempt to show how the young people may creatively en-gage in the present and the future of the Church and the world.
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