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Poradnik Językowy
|
2020
|
vol. 774
|
issue 5
18-34
EN
Geometria, to jest miernicka nauka (Geometry or the science of measurement) by Stanisław Grzepski was published in 1566. A look at the examined treaty from the angle of the discourse theory makes it possible to notice a living communication process leading to the formation of the paradigm designated by the expert – layman roles in the 16th century scientifi c, educational literature. When sharing information with a novice, an expert reaches for the specialised register vocabulary including, most of all, scientifi c terms being in operation in the field of the 16th-century science. Terminology is a tool for creating a clear worldview, it combines the abstractness of the message with the observation of the practical sphere. The occurrence of terms in a text fulfi lling an educational function legitimises the author as an expert, proves the effectiveness of the solutions dictated by science. Moreover, terms in an educational text, as a record of knowledge, are a functional instrument of ensuring that the reasoning is consistent, making it a logically designed structure that is recipient-friendly in terms of cognition.
EN
Nowadays young people need not only specific knowledge, but also a wide array of skills, including language skills, enabling them to better adjust to intercultural realities. One such skill is negotiation, coupled with the selection of an appropriate type of discourse. The aim of the present paper is to analyze the features, forms and styles of educational discourse that support the growth of intercultural negotiation competence in foreign language classes. Particular attention will be given to the structure of the content of discourse: intercultural communication and negotiation. The author seeks to answer the question whether students should aim at using multi-discursive competence in order to effectively talk to or nego­tiate with representatives of other cultures. The analysis of specialized discourse allows her to find out whether or not teaching business language in foreign language classes is a sine qua non condition for mastering intercultural negotiation competence. The paper also aims to determine in a precise manner the competences of a student as an intercultural negotiator and mediator. Therefore, it presents general principles and examples of communication (discourse) practices that may contribute to the development of intercultural negotiation and mediation competence under classroom conditions. The last section contains an overview of selected handbooks for learning Spanish from the perspective of developing intercultural negotiation competence, with a focus on the presence of elements that can be used for this purpose.
EN
The present paper focuses on classroom discourse from the perspective of Sociocultural Theory. This theory, represented mainly by Vygotsky (1978), Leont'ev (1978) and Wertsch (1985), has been applied to second language acquisition by researchers such as Lantolf (1994). Firstly, the paper presents the view of language and language learning and the main constructs in sociocultural SLA, such as mediation through social interaction, mediation by means of private speech, internalization, the zone of proximal development, and Activity Theory. The methodology of sociocultural research is also taken into consideration. Secondly, the paper describes a number of studies into classroom discourse which are discussed in reference to the constructs mentioned above. Thirdly and finally, the paper provides some evaluation of the theory in question.
Stylistyka
|
2016
|
vol. 25
445-456
EN
The article attempts to define the place of style and stylistics in the process of teaching Polish as the first language. The paper takes as its reference the current Polish language curriculum, adopting the assumption that curriculum documents present the typical approach to style and stylistics found in Polish language didactics. Issues of style and stylistics are introduced in education in association with the development of productive skills (speaking and writing) and receptive skills (reading and listening). The analysis of curriculum guidelines has shown five aspect of style/stylistics competence that are concentrated on in the classroom: text reception on the level of stylistic and linguistic means, on the level of text style and functional style, intentional use of stylistic and linguistic means in texts produced by pupils, intentional construction of texts with certain features of style. The author concluded that style ought to be treated as an integrating, organizing category in the development of receptive and productive skills. The knowledge of style and specific stylistic and linguistic skills on the one hand enables characterising the language of texts read and listened to by pupils in order to grasp the gist of the message, and on the other allow them to choose linguistic measures to produce their own verbal and written texts in an intentional, purposeful manner. The curriculum under analysis does go in this direction, albeit quite incoherently and accidentally. The main problem lies in the blurred categorisation of related terms: style – variant – language.
Stylistyka
|
2016
|
vol. 25
429-443
EN
In this article the author analyses components of the epistemic modality, by means of which a student assesses the accuracy of views presented during the oral matriculation examination in the Polish language. Considering the specificity of spoken utterances during the oral matriculation examination, the epistemic modality can be defined as all kinds of information on an intellectual attitude of the speaker who, on the basis of his/her own knowledge and thinking processes which are taking place in his/her mind at a given moment, makes a “gradable” assessment of a view’s reliability. The analysed texts differ depending on the level of certainty of their authors as far as the communicated content is concerned and they can be divided into two basic groups: 1) utterances containing markers of a modal certainty function and 2) utterances with markers of a modal probability function and possibilities which are much more numerous in the examined material. The fact of highlighting the hypothetical nature of views by secondary school graduates comes from a specific asymmetry between an examinee and an examiner, non-equivalence not only of the played social roles but also of areas of knowledge between the speaker and the recipient. The assumption that the examiner knows more results in the fact that students increase the distance to the views which they communicate, what seems to be rather unfortunate because the uncertainty in relation to their own utterances does not favour achieving the recipient’s acceptance or support for the communicated views and this is one of the aims of an argumentative utterance.
PL
Marzec Jarosław, Education into Identity: From „survival pedagogy” to „spiritual pedagogy”. Culture – Society –Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 265–278, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.17. I would like to present the general outlook on dominant tendencies within educational studies and shortly introduce my analysis in the context of so called „turning point” of educational discourse in the second half of XX century. I would like to propose to look at that moment of our actual cultural and educational field through two dominant perspectives and metaphors on which two different pedagogies are grounded. I would like to introduce two domianant metaphors within the educational field and the new tendencies, shortly how the educational studies shift from the „survival pedagogy” to the „spiritual pedagogy”. In general, this atriculations founded in the mindfull critics of educational practices undermine the cultural shift which is based on the process of abandom the tradition values, and the civilisation trends of development which generated the actual shape of culture to be axhausted. The great positivismproject was adjected by the new generations of educators with new and fresh approach to the educational problems. At that moment it’s clear that we stand before the creation the new, alternative vision of the social world and culture in general. I would like to present the changes of that social process on the example XX-century pedagogy, which I hope is touched by that cultural transformation. I would like to concentrate on the educational discourse as a econcrete area of such cultural shift. It’s rather difficult to recognize the whole field of that revolutionary and alternative movement within our culture. In my text I would like to show the process of transition from „survival pedagogy” into „spiritual pedagogy”. As we simply know from the poststructural perspective each of educational interpretation operates in the social contexts has own definition of the aims, functions and tesks of education. After Michel Foucault works we can say that each of the educational discourse and interpretation is grounded in the cultural power/knowledge forces. The new generation of educatorsproposed new approach towards social analyses of edacational aims and destination. In that movement the main aim of edacation is to build identity of pupils. There are of course many researchers shared that view on edacational discourse eg. Zbyszko Melosik, Tomasz Szkudlare, Lech Witkowski, Zbigniew Kwieciński in Poland ( to give only representative examples) and Henry Giroux and Peter McLaren in the United States.They proposed the new approach towards the understanding of edacation destination ond obligations and broke the traditional interpretation. They rejected the traditional inerpretation of „formingthe reason” or „excercising the reason” as the main goal of education towards the popular culture and sensses. And they based their interpretations on that aspect of identity construction process. I would like to propose in my text general outlook at the cultural shift within educational discourse as the transtition from the metaphor of „survival pedagogy” towards the „spiritual pedagogy”. These metaphors also determined two different perspectives and approachesto education. I wolud argue that these perspectives are based on the two different antopological visions and determine different pedagogies.
EN
In this text, I show how Polish–German relations were depicted in the educational discourse. I analyse post-war Polish programmes and curricula, paying special attention to those from the second half of the 1940s, as they are the clearest example of how the way that the image of our Western neighbour was presented fit the ideological line imposed by the government at the time. I am interested in the then-current selection of topics and the prescribed reading, as well as in the accompanying didactical commentary which, in the first few curricula, takes the form of ideologised briefings. I also underline the way that schools were intertwined in the legitimation processes, which benefited the government’s interests. Of special interest to me is the identity project forming part of education, especially the model of Polish patriotism which was built over the figure of “the enemy” – which is also apparent in today’s form of patriotism.
EN
In this paper on the basis of comparative analysis the similarity of Yakym Yarema’s and Kazimierz Twardowski’s main philosophical and pedagogical ideas has been identified. The analysis of these ideas proves that Ukrainian scientist represents Twardowski’s educational practices as well as reflects the traditions of Vienna philosophical school by Franz Brentano which history goes back to Aristotle’s philosophy. The value of Yakym Yarema’s philosophical and pedagogical ideas in the present educational discourse has been shown in the article.
PL
Kasiak Mateusz, Gender in educational and public discourse of the Church. Analysis of the Pastoral Letter on the Sunday of the Holy Family. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 289–312, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.19. Gender as a category of cultural gender and gender identity appears not only in scientific discourse as a topic of research, but also in public discourse, as a subject of various debates and disputes. This concept was also included into the discourse of the Catholic Church. Its creators – church leaders – embarked upon a public reinterpretation of the concept of gender, thus inserting their point of view into the broader political and ideological dispute. The aim of this paper is to review the postulates of the church concerning gender in the Pastoral Letter on the Feast of the Holy Family, which seems to be a leading programme paper concerning this issue. In this paper, gender as a research and scientific category is isolated from the scientific discourse and appropriatedby the educational discourse of the church, where it functions as a scare tactic. Structural modifications in the text and style of the letter, stylistic and rhetorical tricks, as well as pragmatic mechanisms, make the text of the pastoral letter a persuasive political argument.
EN
The aim of the text taken in this text is to present the construct of sexual education as other in the educational discourse. I found interesting here the areas of constructing and categorizing this field of education at school in the context of other activities carried out in it, as well as the pedagogical consequences of this state of affairs. Giving birthmarks of otherness concerns not so much the subject that represents this field of education, but the actions affecting its specific constitution in the school's program. You can indicate here: involvement in the creation of a program of representatives of the two ministries, the possibility of negotiating the scope of content carried out on these classes by parents and adult students and the possible refusal to participate in them. As specific, one may further consider the construction of a name for an object in which the determinant: sexual does not appear. The practical exclusion of this subject from the group of those that are subject to evaluation seems to serve to avoid negative social reactions.
PL
Celem podjętych w tym tekście rozważań stanie się ukazanie konstruktu wychowania seksualnego jako innego w dyskursie edukacyjnym. Za interesujące uznałam tu obszary konstruowania  i kategoryzowania tej dziedziny wychowania w szkole na tle innych realizowanych w niej zajęć,  a także pedagogiczne konsekwencje tego stanu rzeczy. Nadanie znamion inności dotyczy nie tyle samego przedmiotu reprezentującego tę dziedzinę wychowania, ile zabiegów oddziałujących na jego określoną konstytucję w programie szkoły. Można tu wskazać na zaangażowanie w tworzenie dlań programu reprezentantów dwóch resortów, możliwość negocjowania zakresu treści realizowanych na tych zajęciach przez rodziców oraz pełnoletnich uczniów i ewentualnej odmowy w nich udziału. Za specyficzne można dalej uznać skonstruowanie nazwy dla przedmiotu, w której nie pojawia się określnik: seksualny. Uniknięciu niekorzystnych reakcji społecznych wydaje się służyć również praktyczne wyłączenie tego przedmiotu z grupy tych, które podlegają ewaluacji.
EN
The aim of the article is preliminary research how the functioning of artistic texts in educational discourse affects their conceptualization. This problem is shown on the example of the fragments of artistic texts posted in school books. This texts contribute to preserve or break old stereotypes and create new cultural patterns – in this way they mould specific didactic image of the world.
PL
The article consists of two major parts. Part one is devoted to the reconstruction of the relationships between the domain of discourse and the domain of education in the semantic field of the term “educational discourse”. Based on the analysis of two types of sources (empirical research and the lexicon of contemporary pedagogics), a constellation of functional, thematic, genre and ontological links is shown. In the second part of the article, a reflection on the last of the approach is developed. Referring to Foucault’s lectures at the Collège de France in 1979-1980 period, the potential of the category of alethurgy and confession as research instruments of pedagogy and discursive practice is shown.
PL
As digital technologies become more prominent in schools, and a host of new media products appear in classrooms, critical questions are being asked about the erasure of power and politics in contemporary education. To explore the discourse on digital education, this paper draws on discourse analysis of ethnographic interviews with for-profit and non-profit organizations in the field. It asks (i) what industry insiders describe as driving change in contemporary educational technology (edtech), and (ii) whether new actors/technologies shaping a novel educational hegemony, and if so, what this hegemony looks like. Initial findings suggest that while the teacher was seen as key to driving change in printed educational materials, three different discourses appear when describing change in today’s educational technology. In the first, learners drive change; the focus lies on the individual dimension. In the second, schools drive change; the systemic dimension. In the third, data drive change; the analytics dimension. Linking these three discourses is a shift from “education” to “learning”. The accounts of educational technology simultaneously advocate for improving opportunities for all students, especially weaker or disadvantaged learners, and also strengthen the hegemonic shift across policy and practice towards an instrumental understanding of education. Overall, the paper suggests that power and politics are by no means erased from the edtech industry’s accounts of digital technologies and datafication. The socio-material affordances engineered into the technologies invite particular teaching practices and thus affect power relations in education.
PL
The paper attempts at presenting diversity in discourse research and defining educational discourse in its new cognitive-procesual aspect. The analysis is concentrated on formalized educational discourse undergoing ideological influences through mass, public and government supervised education. For the detailed discussion multiperspective method including critical and rhetorical analysis has been proposed acknowledging the separateness of makro and discursive strategies together with their topoi in the common ideological – cognitive mean.
PL
The concept of four-level context by Ruth Wodak is to provide triangulation and minimize the risk of being biased. Simultaneously the analysis of this concept in combination with the research programme of HDA is an expression of interdisciplinarity’s importance in this approach. One should notice that interdisciplinarity is not an aim itself and it is a subject to limitations. The most specific limitations are those which result from triangulation on the interdiscursive level.
Neofilolog
|
2012
|
issue 38/2
201-222
EN
Examining different solutions implemented during foreign language lessons in different countries can be very useful. Firstly, noticing some innovative ideas in an authentic context in another educational system can inspire the introduction of some changes which can potentially raise the quality of foreign language in-struction. Secondly, seeing the same solutions in another educational system can confirm the effectiveness of existing methods and in this way may strengthen the intrinsic motivation of all involved in the teaching process of teaching for-eign languages. One of the most important elements of a foreign language les-son is educational discourse taking place in the classroom as it has the potential to affect all aspects of a particular class and to greatly influence learning out-comes. With this in mind, the author included educational discourse in a com-parative study of the processes taking place during foreign language lesson in two types of schools: the Polish upper secondary school and the British sixth form college. The article is divided into four sections. The first one deals with the literature related to discourse, especially discourse in education. In the sec-ond section, the structure and the scope of the research will be presented, in-cluding the research tools, the subjects of the study, the research questions, the scope and the organisation of the activities, and the factors potentially limiting and influencing the outcomes of the research. In the third part, the results of the study will be presented on the basis of the analysis of the data collected by means of questionnaires, observations and interviews. In the final section, the author will draw conclusions and make some pedagogical recommendations.
Forum Oświatowe
|
2014
|
vol. 26
|
issue 2(52)
69-81
EN
The theme of the article is the concept of the educational system-its origin and relationship with a specific strand of scientific thought, which is functionalism. “The education system,” the key term for education in Poland, is saturated with content that less and less corresponds to the needs and expectations of society. The author carries out an analysis of the content, referring to some currents of pedagogical thought and pointing at the traps in the educational discourse, dangerous to its thoughtless participants.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest pojęcie systemu edukacji – jego pochodzenie i związki z konkretnym nurtem myśli naukowej, jakim jest funkcjonalizm. „System edukacji”, ten kluczowy dla oświaty w Polsce termin, jest nasycony treściami, które coraz słabiej korespondują z potrzebami i oczekiwaniami społecznymi. Autorka przeprowadza ogólną analizę tych treści, odwołując się do wybranych nurtów myśli pedagogicznej i wskazując na pułapki, które czyhają w dyskursie edukacyjnym na bezrefleksyjnych uczestników.
EN
The aim of the paper is a reflection on the status and importance of the category of discourse in pedagogical language and research. The article consists of two main parts. The first part contains a description of the general difficulties in organizing the extensive area of research on discourse; the second part is devoted to the status of research on discourse in pedagogy and to the analysis of the concept of educational discourse. As a result, three approaches: archaeological, institutional and interactive, and the possibility of constructing conceptual maps within their frameworks, have been described. The article ends with an attempt to summarise the considerations in the context of the discursive construction of the subject of contemporary educational studies.
PL
Podstawowym celem tekstu jest namysł nad statusem i znaczeniem kategorii dyskursu w języku i w badaniach pedagogicznych. Artykuł składa się z dwóch zasadniczych części. Część pierwsza zawiera opis ogólnych trudności związanych z porządkowaniem rozległego obszaru badań nad dyskursem; część druga poświęcona jest statusowi badań nad dyskursem w polskiej pedagogice oraz analizie treści i zakresu pojęcia dyskursu edukacyjnego. W rezultacie, opisane zostały trzy ujęcia definicyjne: archeologiczne, instytucjonalne i interakcyjne oraz możliwości konstruowania w ich ramach map pojęciowych. Artykuł kończy próba podsumowania rozważań w kontekście koncepcji dyskursywnego konstruowania przedmiotu pedagogiki współczesnej.
EN
Our aim throughout the contribution was to systemize perspectives employed by the researchers in the studies of educational discourse. Three perspectives of empirical insight into educational discourses were reconstructed in the course of our analysis of selected research examples: optimizing, analytic and critical. The criterion underpinning the analysis was a pragmatic function of the studies. Hence, the links between the choice of research perspective, results of research and practical implications for school improvement were discussed.
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