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EN
The article is a part of the dissertation written under the supervision of Anna Trębska Kerntopf Ph.D. The aim of the paper is to present the task-based approach in teaching Polish as foreign language in comparison with conventional and unconventional methods. The advantages and disadvantages of the task based-approach, its characteristic features, are displayed in the article.
EN
The importance of oral production in language learning has been changing over the history of foreign language teaching and learning. An action-oriented approach recommends developing speaking skills by performing tasks embedded in environmental and situational contexts. During tasks performance learners undertake different types of language activities such as role playing, creating texts, mediating in communication and in this way they use language in authentic situations. The paper presents approaches to teaching speaking skills with particular focus on task-based language learning. Theoretical considerations are illustrated by an example of a task-based lesson scenario aimed at developing oral language skills.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the way of teaching the Polish imperative mood to those adult learners who because of their social status predominantly use the formal register of the language. Therefore, they are interested in other semantic functions of the mood then expressing direct commands. The author introduces the use of the imperative mood in such speech acts as: inducing, offering advice, supplying instructions, making appeals for something, giving warnings. The teaching is done on the basis of original materials such as: press adverts, various leaflets, pieces of Polish poetry, proverbs and songs. The grammar exercises are also adjusted to the need of real communication.
EN
At the end of the last century, as part of the communicative methodology, there arose the need to adapt foreign language teaching system to the requirements of the changing reality. The Council of Europe’s Common European Framework of Reference for Languages (2001) presented a new vision of communication and a new approach to the competence of language users: communication is an activity. Thence, the concept of an action-oriented approach originated. This approach proposes a specific way of developing communication skills which involves performing tasks embedded in environmental and situational contexts. The principles of task-based teaching and learning have been penetrating the didactics of Polish as a foreign language for several years. Unfortunately, despite the rather well-developed theoretical base of the activity-oriented and task-based approach, there is still a lack of comprehensive practical materials and textbooks that propagate the assumptions of European language policy in Polish language glottodidactics. This article shows how to apply a task-based approach in teaching practice. The concept of task-based textbooks created at the Jagiellonian University’s Centre for Polish Language and Culture in the World, which is part of the latest trends in contemporary glottodidactics, is presented. The idea behind the textbooks corresponds to the need to teach a living, authentic language, which is primarily a tool for performing various social tasks.
PL
Pod koniec minionego stulecia w ramach metodologii komunikacyjnej zrodziła się potrzeba dostosowania systemu nauczania języków obcych do wymogów zmieniającej się rzeczywistości. Europejski system opisu kształcenia językowego Rady Europy (2003) zaprezentował nową wizję komunikacji i nowe ujęcie kompetencji użytkowników języka: komunikacja jest działaniem. Stąd zrodziło się pojęcie podejścia ukierunkowanego na działanie. W podejściu tym zaproponowano specyficzny sposób rozwijania sprawności komunikacyjnych, który polega na wykonywaniu zadań osadzonych w kontekstach środowiskowych i sytuacyjnych. Zasady nauczania i uczenia się zadaniowego od kilku lat przenikają do dydaktyki języka polskiego jako obcego. Niestety, mimo dość dobrze rozbudowanej bazy teoretycznej podejścia ukierunkowanego na działanie i zadaniowego brak jest nadal kompleksowych materiałów praktycznych i podręczników, które rozpropagowałyby założenia europejskiej polityki językowej w glottodydaktyce polonistycznej. Artykuł pokazuje, jak zastosować podejście zadaniowe w praktyce pedagogicznej. Zaprezentowana zostanie koncepcja podręczników zadaniowych, powstających w Centrum Języka i Kultury Polskiej w Świecie Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego, która wpisuje się w najnowsze tendencje współczesnej glottodydaktyki. Odpowiada ona potrzebie uczenia języka żywego, autentycznego, który jest przede wszystkim narzędziem do wykonywania rozmaitych zadań o charakterze społecznym.
EN
Acquisition of new terminology in a foreign language is one of fundamental challenges encountered by all translators. Next to the lexical level it is necessary to learn a necessary scope of professional knowledge, enabling the translator to use appropriately the newly acquired vocabulary that often refers to issues which are not known to him/her well even in a native language. The author of the paper deliberates on the methods of effective teaching of specialist language, including mainly legal and economic terminology, required from candidates for sworn translators. She proposes the task based learning consisting of practical translations of selected texts, representing typical genres of speech in the spheres of communication under discussion.
PL
Poznanie terminologii specjalistycznej w języku obcym jest jednym z podstawowych wyzwań dla każdego tłumacza. Obok warstwy leksykalnej konieczne jest także przyswojenie niezbędnego zakresu wiedzy merytorycznej, umożliwiającej tłumaczowi prawidłowe posługiwanie się nowym słownictwem, często dotyczącym kwestii niezbyt dobrze znanych nawet w języku ojczystym. Autorka zastanawia się nad metodami nauczania języka specjalistycznego, głównie terminologii prawniczej i ekonomicznej, wymaganej od kandydatów na tłumacza przysięgłego. Proponuje wykorzystanie podejścia zadaniowego w nabywaniu umiejętności tłumaczenia tekstów, reprezentujących typowe gatunki w omawianych sferach komunikacji.
Neofilolog
|
2012
|
issue 39/2
117-130
EN
Language learning in cooperation is a social and sociocultural dimension of action-based approach. By means of language education the school prepares students to undertake social activities and to cooperate with native language speakers. Therefore, teamwork teaching and learning, team pursuance of mutual goals with the use of foreign language has become one of the priorities of action-based didactics. We usually talk about positive aspects of teamwork in the context of communication teaching. Team cooperation is less frequently perceived as a form of pursuing another goal of language education, i.e. linguistic competence development. Apart from pursuing communicative goals work in small groups lets the learners get involved in explicit work with language structures, observe and discover language rules, test formed hypotheses in texts they create and master their competencies by reflecting on the language. The purpose of the paper is to present organisational forms of classes applied most frequently in foreign language teaching and learning actionbased process.
PL
Some of the solutions employed in the field of teaching languages for special purposes have turned out to be useful also in the field of general didactics, e.g. the task-oriented approach. What is particularly valuable in the legacy of teaching languages for special purposes is its eclectic nature, which gives one the possibility to choose and combine the best-tested methods depending on the individual characteristics of every learner. Such an undogmatic approach and search for the best possible technique, which takes into account individual characteristics of each student, appears to be a particularly valuable and enriching one in the days of certain reluctance towards an overtly rigidly defined concept of communicative approach in foreign language teaching.
PL
Celem artykułu jest próba udzielenia odpowiedzi na pytania, czym jest międzykulturowa kompetencja komunikacyjna, jakie są jej komponenty oraz jak należy ją rozwijać. Zadanie jako działaniowa forma pracy jest postrzegane w kategoriach narzędzia umożliwiającego rozwijanie umiejętności rozpoznawania i używania aspektów tzw. kultury obiektywnej (jawnej) i subiektywnej (ukrytej).
EN
The aim of this article is to give an answer to questions – what an intercultural communicative competence is and how to develop it during the language lesson. The task as an action-oriented form of learners’ work is presented as a tool that enables developing skill of understanding and using so called objective and subjective culture.
Neofilolog
|
2021
|
issue 57/1
79-100
EN
While there is a consensus that teaching grammar is now indispensable in most educational contexts, there still exist numerous controversies as to how this should most beneficially be done. They concern, among others, such issues as the choice of instructional options to be used in order to introduce and practice grammar structures or to provide corrective feedback on errors made in the use of such structures (cf. Loewen, 2020; Nassaji, 2017; Pawlak, 2014, 2020a). On a more general level, a question arises as to the optimal way of organizing the material to be taught, with consequences for the overall approach to grammar instruction. One influential alternative to a structural syllabus, in which case grammar structures are carefully preselected and sequenced, is task-based language teaching, which can be conceptualized and implemented in various ways (cf. Ellis, 2017, 2018). The paper discusses the role of grammar in the task-based approach, also taking into account techniques and procedures that can be employed for this purpose. An overview of existing empirical evidence will be presented and an attempt will be made to highlight the way in which communicative tasks can be used to assist grammar teaching in the Polish educational context.
Neofilolog
|
2012
|
issue 39/1
95-105
PL
The presented article reviews changes in the Polish system of foreign language teaching that have or should have occurred in the last half a century. The suggested time span encompasses the utilization of two major didactic methods which have been in use since the 1970s, i.e. the Communicative Method and the Task-Based Approach. The article consists of two major parts. The first one outlines the history and main methodological facets of the Communicative and Task-Based Approaches. The second part provides an analysis of the current state of affairs in Polish schools, based on surveys carried out among Polish teachers and students of foreign languages.
Neofilolog
|
2021
|
issue 56/2
337-356
EN
Task-based language teaching has recently become a mainstream research area in second language acquisition studies. One of the underexplored areas is task design and its influence on the measures of complexity, accuracy, and fluency. While most previous research into task design focused on manipulating planning time, note-taking, or task familiarity, one of the promising lines of investigation is how task difficulty may also be conducive to L2 acquisition. Task difficulty is understood as the cognitive burden placed on a learner performing a task. In the current study learners of English as a foreign language (n=28) performed three differently designed oral communicative tasks of increasing difficulty: (1) a brainstorming task, (2) a sorting and ordering task, and (3) a problemsolving argumentative task. Task difficulty, i.e. having to employ higherorder thinking skills improved learners’ L2 lexical complexity as measured by lexical diversity, lexical density, and word-frequency counts.
Neofilolog
|
2014
|
issue 42/1
95-109
EN
The purpose of the following paper is to consider the development of reflection in foreign language learners. Based on the results of action research, we show to what extent the performance of group tasks affected the perception of reality and influenced changes in the communication and learning behavior of participants of an action research project. Reflection is analyzed on the basis of statements contained in student diaries and transcriptions from video recording of discussions. This means that on the one hand, we are interested in the opinions, conclusions and evaluations made by learners, but on the other hand, we attach importance to the coherence between formulated judgments and practical group action. It is not uncommon that declarations are not in accordance with the activities undertaken and that, in con-sequence, their value is questionable. The paper also points to difficulties associated with becoming a reflective person as well as the restrictions connected with the scientific measurements of this process.
PL
The purpose of the following paper is to consider the development of reflection in foreign language learners. Based on the results of action research, we show to what extent the performance of group tasks affected the perception of reality and influenced changes in the communication and learning behavior of participants of an action research project. Reflection is analyzed on the basis of statements contained in student diaries and transcriptions from video recording of discussions. This means that on the one hand, we are interested in the opinions, conclusions and evaluations made by learners, but on the other hand, we attach importance to the coherence between formulated judgments and practical group action. It is not uncommon that declarations are not in accordance with the activities undertaken and that, in consequence, their value is questionable. The paper also points to difficulties associated with becoming a reflective person as well as the restrictions connected with the scientific measurements of this process.
EN
Climate change, increasing environmental awareness of societies across the world, and emphasising climate-related issues in the public discourse are phenomena that have contributed to changes in the content of textbooks used in teaching Polish as a foreign language. These are the main reasons for which this article was written. The aim of the text is to present environmental aspects as an important lexical area and to trace the way in which it is featured in contemporary textbooks from the point of view of the task-based approach. It assumes a focus on deliberate action of a social nature undertaken to induce the activation of certain cognitive processes in learners and to lead them to solving the specific problem they face.Further on in the article, teachers’ and students’ attitudes towards pro-environmental content in Polish as a foreign language classes were analysed on the basis of survey research. The text cites studies in the field of environmental humanities and social psychology in the context of the glottodidactic process.
PL
Zmiany klimatyczne, wzrost świadomości ekologicznej społeczeństw na całym świecie, akcentowanie problemów klimatycznych w dyskursie publicznym – te zjawiska przyczyniły się do zmian w treściach podręczników do nauczania polszczyzny wśród cudzoziemców. To główne powody powstania niniejszego artykułu. Celem tekstu jest ukazanie kwestii związanych ze środowiskiem jako ważnego obszaru leksykalnego oraz prześledzenie sposobu jego realizacji we współczesnych podręcznikach z perspektywy podejścia zadaniowego. Zakłada ono nastawienie na celowe działanie o charakterze społecznym tak, aby prowadzić uczących się do uruchomienia pewnych procesów poznawczych oraz do rozwiązania danego problemu. W dalszej części artykułu na podstawie badań ankietowych przeanalizowano stosunek nauczycieli oraz uczących się do treści proekologicznych na zajęciach z języka polskiego jako obcego. W tekście przywołano badania z zakresu humanistyki ekologicznej i psychologii społecznej w kontekście procesu glottodydaktycznego.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono multimedialną grę dydaktyczną I SPY (poz. A2–B1), przeznaczoną dla młodzieży uczącej się kilku europejskich języków obcych, w tym języka polskiego. Polskojęzyczna wersja gry przygotowywana jest obecnie w ramach projektu edukacyjnego, w którym uczestniczy Uniwersytet Łódzki. W części teoretycznej artykułu gra została ukazana jako narzędzie umożliwiające realizację zasad podejścia ludycznego oraz zadaniowego. W części głównej – analitycznej – skoncentrowano się na określeniu przydatności gry w zakresie skłaniania użytkowników języka do podejmowania działań językowych wynikających z wcześniej postawionych zadań.
EN
The multimedia educational game I SPY is addressed to the A2–B1 level learners of six European languages: English, Dutch, Spanish, German, Romanian, and Polish. The game was created by the international team with the participation of the University of Łódź School of Polish for Foreigners. The authors of the article, and co-creators of Polish version of the game as well, present the game as an effective tool for realization of the assumptions of the ludic and action-oriented approaches to learning and teaching foreign languages. In the main, analytical, part of the article, the authors concentrate on defining the effectiveness of the game in making learners undertake the linguistic activities in order to perform various tasks set in the game.
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