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EN
The school forms the specific society, which creates a specific for student and teacher language, behaviours and products. They penetrate from the real world into the virtual world, constructing the peculiar virtual and visual culture. In the article the culture of this type was analysed, with reference to the person of teacher. Presented situations, based on films about teachers, placed in the Internet by students as well as based on press reports, illustrate the process of creating the culture seen in „a distorting mirror”.
EN
The paper deals with new phenomena that emerged on the media market during a crisis in the printed press sector. The author searches for an answer to the question of whether the new forms of financing investigative journalism in the USA have a chance of developing, in particular crowdfunding and broadly understood non-profit activity. He discusses the main forms of financing the new types of entities in the media market and characterizes the examples of the most representative investigative organizations that operate online thanks to gathering funds in the above manners: ProPublica, The Center for Investigative Reporting, The Huffington Post Investigative Fund, Spot.US, Voice of San Diego and The Texas Observer.
PL
Problematyka artykułu dotyczy nowych zjawisk na rynku mediów w dobie kryzysu w sektorze wydawnictw prasy drukowanej. Autor poszukuje odpowiedzi na pytania związane z szansami rozwoju nowych form finansowania działalności w zakresie dziennikarstwa śledczego w USA, w szczególności crowdfundingu i szeroko pojętej aktywności nonprofit. Omówione zostały podstawowe formy finansowania tego typu nowych podmiotów na ryku mediów oraz scharakteryzowano przykładowe, najbardziej reprezentatywne organizacje śledcze działające online w oparciu o omówione sposoby pozyskiwania funduszy: ProPublica, The Center for Investigative Reporting, The Huffington Post Investigative Fund, Spot.US, Voice of San Diego i The Texas Observer.
EN
As part of the symposium entitled “School Religious Retreats and Contemporary Forms of Transmission of Faith,” held at KUL JP II on 21-22 January 2013, a panel debate was held, devoted to evangelization in the global world of the media. The panellists – Fr. Zbigniew Paweł Maciejewski, Fr. Artur Godnarski, Fr. Tadeusz Zasępa, Fr. Jarosław Woźniak, Fr. Witold Kawecki and Jacek Kurzępa – undertook two main threads that dominated over the rest of the issues mentioned and signalled by the panellists and the other participants of the panel: 1. The role of school retreats in the process of catechization and evangelization; the need of shaping the evangelizing and kerygmatic mentality of the preachers of the Word of God. 2. The medial culture and the world of the media as an explicit challenge for evangelization – represented in part by school retreats. This text is an abbreviated script of the debate in question.
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Verflechtung von Bild und Text

88%
EN
The discussion initiated in the 1960s by McLuhan concerning the interrelationship between what is said (orality) and what is written (literacy) has been replaced by a new approach focusing on the connection between image and text. This shift of attention results, among others, from the increasing role of technical media and computers and the decreasing role of the traditional written culture in the shape of books and print. The contemporary media are becoming something more than just a passive tool for information transmission. The text and the word itself are undergoing technologization, as Walter Ong, has put it, and they are often accompanied by the image. Linguistics cannot ignore these changes, and investigates the evolving materiality of communication, focusing on design, the so-called text performance, visual layer, and the whole emerging from both the image and text. The last two are becoming so strictly connected, especially in internet hypertexts, that the phrase “iconic turn” is often used. Apart from that, there appears text fragmentation, which leads to changes in the process of reception: ordinary reading recedes replaced by holistic reading (based on whole images).
EN
The history of pirate, illegal television stations in Poland is presented here against the broader background of systemic transformations (both political and legal). According to the author of the article, it was an inevitable phenomenon, closely linked to the creation of the foundations of a democratic, lawful state with free-market economy. They were a factor which enforced acceleration of political change, legislative works and affected the change of the programming offer. Although pirate television stations were a short-lived phenomenon, they had huge impact on the later development of electronic media in Poland.
EN
The essential purpose of the study was the attempt to illustrate the reception of several foreign media cycles of bestselling English-language novels from the field of fantastic literature for children and youth. These included, in chronological order: The Chronicles of Narnia by Clive Staples Lewis, Philip Pullman’s Dark Materials, the Harry Potter septology by J.K. Rowling, Inheritance by Christopher Paolini, and the Twilight saga by Stephanie Meyer. Through quantitative and qualitative analysis, taking also into account the chronology and geography of the phenomenon, it was decided to reconstruct the polyphonic information space around a selected novel (and adaptation) in the press and on the Internet. Taking into account the cultural background that determined the assimilation of these books in Poland and stimulated their above-average popularity, it was sought to recreate mechanisms that affect the creation of a new type of bestseller. It was also decided to focus on the important aspect of marketing and the phenomenon of feedback between the reception of the books and their adaptations.
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Child protection in cyberspace

75%
EN
The aim of this article is to review main issues connected with the protection of a child in the cyberspace. It indicates the issue of the scientific discourse within the key terms: cyberspace and security of an underage in the online and offline environment. In the context of his position as mass media recipient and an user of cyberspace, several threats have been indicated and allocated to two basic categories: of macro-social and individual character. Premises shaping the systems of child’s security in the cyberspace have been indicated and the use of legal instruments and alternative methods in terms of specific security threats has been noted. Ultimately, current challenges to increase the effectiveness of providing security in the cyberspace for an underage were formulated.
EN
The above article is concerned with some new technologies in social communication which have an impact on the creation and activity of organisations and communities. Starting with global communication, the author concentrates on the issue of building of an information society using the resources of the Internet and the possibilities it offers. Discussing the communities, reference is made to the congregation in the Catholic church, an organisation with a two-thousand-year experience in creating communities. The author underlines the attention which the Pope paid to the mass media. Then, the issue of identity on the Internet is discussed, as well as some possible dangers connected with the activity on the Internet. However, the conclusion is positive and it stresses out the advantages associated with the new media and informatisation in the creation of communities and broadly understood interpersonal relations.
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2014
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vol. 61
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issue 6: Teologia Pastoralna
153-167
EN
In the latter part of the twentieth century, a French preacher expressed the opinion that the re-discovery of the homily was one of the most significant theological disco­veries of the present generations. Along with the shaping of the media society, in which wi­dely understood media have become a human environment, there appeared a doubt whether the homily will not lose its meaning again. In this article the author asks the question: In this new reality is the voice from the pulpit likely to be the case as having significance and still being the obliging word of God? Not pretending to find a definitive answer, he points out the neces­sity of including the in-depth homiletic reflection. He indicates that the media society is not only the external environment in which man lives, maintaining their perceptual constant structure but it is a phenomenon deeply transforming man and his relation to reality. Against this background, the author shows the necessity to adjust the homily to this new reality.
PL
W drugiej połowie XX wieku jeden z francuskich homiletów wyraził opinię, że ponowne odkrycie homilii było jednym z najdonioślejszych odkryć teologicznych tego pokolenia. Wraz z ukształtowaniem się społeczeństwa medialnego, w którym szeroko rozumiane media stały się środowiskiem człowieka, pojawiła się wątpliwość, czy homilia ponownie nie utraci swojego znaczenia. W artykule autor stawia pytanie: Czy w tej nowej rzeczywistości głos z ambony ma szanse zaistnieć, jako mające jeszcze jakiekolwiek znaczenie i zobowiązujące słowo Boże? Nie pretendując do znalezienia wyczerpującej odpowiedzi, zwraca uwagę na konieczność podjęcia w tym zakresie pogłębionej refleksji homiletycznej. Wskazuje, że społeczeństwo medialne nie jest jedynie zewnętrznym środowiskiem, w którym człowiek przebywa, zachowując swoją niezmienną strukturę percepcyjną, lecz jest zjawiskiem głęboko transformującym człowieka i jego stosunek do rzeczywistości. Na tym tle ukazuje konieczność dostosowania przekazu homilijnego do tej nowej rzeczywistości.
EN
The Internet played an important role during the revolution in the Arab countries, and the issue of utilizing both traditional and new media is still being discussed with respect to many aspects. The information which is transmitted in authoritarian states is carefully selected, therefore the Internet has become an important medium on the territory of Arab countries. Thanks to this, the protesters could easily organize themselves, and inform the world about what was really going on in their countries. One could, of course, ask whether a revolution can be carried out with the sole use of the Internet - but the answer is no. The Internet is only a tool and a means in pursuing a defined goal, albeit a means of an extensive range and enormous power.
PL
Internet odegrał ważną rolę podczas rewolucji w krajach arabskich, a sprawa wykorzystania tradycyjnych oraz nowych mediów jest nadal dyskutowana na wielu gruntach. Przekazywane informacje w systemach autorytarnych są starannie wyselekcjonowane, dlatego też Internet stał się ważnym medium na obszarze państw arabskich. Dzięki temu protestujący mogli swobodnie organizować się, informować i mówić światu o tym, co naprawdę dzieje się w ich krajach. Można oczywiście zadać pytanie, czy rewolucja może zostać przeprowadzona tylko za pomocą Internetu? Otóż nie - Internet jest jedynie narzędziem i środkiem w dążeniu do celu. Oczywiście o olbrzymim zasięgu i mocy.
Cybersecurity and Law
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2019
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vol. 1
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issue 1
225-236
EN
Modern man strongly emphasizes the need for security in all aspects of social and individual life. The content of the article concerns the threats and challenges for men in cyberspace. The author shows the relations and relationships between security and education. He devotes a lot of space to the characteristics of threats in cyberspace. Facing dynamically changing reality, the author makes the reader pay special attention to modern ways of counteracting threats generated from cyberspace. The article shows how broadly understood prevention and education in all possible stages of the human use of cyberspace are an important aspect of human life.
EN
This study uses previously unpublished documents to document the methods the authoritarian region of the Second Republic used to eradicate the liberal tradition of the Czech free press and radio and make media serve the needs of the ruling state party – the Party of National Unity. It also investigates silencing state censorship, auto-censorship and the eradication of the independent press and culture. The heart of the paper focuses on the institutional and content construction of offensive propaganda. With the help of German Nazi specialists in black propaganda techniques, this aimed to overcome the educational, unbiased and nonparty political focus of First Republic propaganda and subject Czech society to forced one-sided re-educational ideologisation in an anti-democratic radical conservative and fascist manner.
PL
Artykuł zawiera wyniki badań uczestnictwa studentów w kulturze. Badaniami objęto losową próbę studentów Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego. Badania realizowano metodą sondażu i techniką ankiety. Główne pytania badawcze sformułowano następująco: Czy wśród studentów można wyróżnić specyficzne profile uczestnictwa w kulturze za pośrednictwem mediów elektronicznych (Internetu, telewizji) i tradycyjnych (prasy)? Czy dystrybucja czasu studentów między codzienne aktywności różnicuje profile medialne? Sprawdzone zostały hipotezy o różnicującym wpływie ilości czasu poświęcanego trzem rodzajom aktywności: społecznej, dydaktycznej i kulturalnej na preferowanie określonego profilu medialnego. Badania pozwoliły ustalić, że istnieją istotne statystycznie związki (korelacje) między preferowaniem określonego profilu medialnego (multimedialnego, telewizyjnego, internetowego lub ultrainternetowego) a czasem przeznaczanym na relacje społeczne i studenckie obowiązki. Nie stwierdzono związków między tradycyjnie rozumianą aktywnością kulturalną a profilami medialnymi. Wyniki badań wpisują się w tezę, że korzystanie z mediów, a przede wszystkim z Internetu (choć w różnym stopniu) jest nieod-łącznym atrybutem codzienności studentów. Jednak zdecydowany zwrot ku medialnej kulturze nadmiaru wydaje się w konsekwencji powodować niedomiar realnych kontaktów społecznych (lub być odpowiedzią na nie). Podsumowaniem analiz jest propozycja typologii studentów z perspektywy dystrybucji czasu między aktywności medialne i społeczne. Zidentyfikowane zostały cztery empiryczne typy sytuowania się między światem realnym i wirtualnym – typ uniwersalistyczny, on air, online/offline i online.
EN
The article entitled presents the results of a study on the participation of students in culture. Randomly chosen students from the University of Zielona Góra took part in the study. To carry out the research, the method of survey and the technique of questionnaire were used. The main questions were: Can specific types of students’ participation in culture through the electronic media (the Internet, television) and traditional (press) media be distinguished? Does the way in which students distribute their time between everyday activities determine their media preferences? The investigated hypotheses concerned the differentiating influence of the time devoted to social, didactic, and cultural activities on media preferences. The study allowed to establish that there exist substantive correlations between the students’ media preferences (multimedia, television, the Internet, or the Ultra Internet) and the time devoted to their social relations and university duties. No correlations were discovered between the traditionally understood cultural activities and media preferences. The results of the study support the thesis that students use the media, primarily the Internet (though to a various degree), on daily basis. However, the significant turn to the media culture of excess seems to lead to the underflow of real social links (or results from them). The outcome of the study is a proposed typology of students from the perspective of time devoted to media and social activities. Four empirical types of being placed between the real and virtual worlds were identified: universal, on air, online/offline, and online.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje sposób interpretowania przekazu medialnego z wykorzystaniem krytycznej analizy dyskursu (KAD). Na początku zostały wyjaśnione najważniejsze pojęcia: retoryka, perswazja, krytyczna analiza dyskursu. W dalszej części została przedstawiona teoria komunikowania masowego i specyfi ka języka w Internecie. Badania własne polegały na analizie dyskursu medialnego prezentowanego na stronach: Onet i wPolityce w dniu 06.11.2012 r., czyli w przeddzień wyborów na prezydenta Stanów Zjednoczonych. Metoda KAD pozwoliła wskazać specyfi kę przekazów, zastosowane elementy języka i sposób ujęcia tematu pod względem kryterium wartości informacyjnej. Wnioski pokazują, że przekaz nie spełniał wszystkich jej kryteriów.
EN
This article shows a way of interpreting media transmission by using critical discourse analysis (CDA). The article starts by explaining the most important words: rhetoric, persuasion, critical discourse analysis. Next, it presents the the mass communication theory and specifi c language in the Internet. My own study is based on an analysis of media discourse presented on websites: Onet, wPolityce on 06.11.2012 – the day before the election for president of the Unites States. CDA allows us to identify a specifi c message, language elements and treatment of the subject in terms of criterion for information. The conclusion shows that media transmission does not satisfy all the criteria for this value.
EN
The article shows all communication activities from the perspective of “person and his deed.” The author refers in its analysis to the personalistic thinking generated by Karol Wojtyla. In any process of communication is ­present man as its creator, the recipient or participant. Every communication is the act of a person and in each of them are also involved other persons, according to the nature and character of the communication. The main advantage of and determinant of being a person is its inalienable value and dignity. Respect for the value and dignity of man is thus the foundation of all communication. The author attempts to justify the personalistic vision of human dignity is a good, methodologically and in terms of content, platform for axiological reflection in the context of contemporary problems of communication media.
EN
The authors present a selection of sportspersons' nicknames and pseudonyms used in the Polish and European media. The onomastic material was excerpted from the press, radio, television and the Internet. Dozens of personal names of Polish and world sportspersons were collected and analysed. The material was taken from the texts in, among others, Polish, English, German and Spanish. This paper aims at a typology of sportspersons' nicknames and pseudonyms and it constitutes an attempt to unveil the primary onomastic and language-systemic mechanisms behind such formations. Also, their semantic as well as structural-grammatical motivation is discussed.
EN
Communication relationships of human are interpersonal or social, communal. The nature of communication already involves the relation to others and the orientation to different people taking part in the processes of communication. In the era of media civilization people communicate primarily through increasingly more modern media. In this perspective, media communication reveals features of interpersonal communication and the media have emerged as a tool in communication between people. Thus, it is worth taking a look at the media in their functional way as well as in their mediating and integrating role. Therefore, the aim of the article is to analyze this role from the perspective of theory of communication and media axiology in the light of personal vision of man.
PL
Relacje komunikacyjne człowieka mają charakter interpersonalny lub społeczny, wspólnotowy. W naturę komunikacji wpisana jest już relacja do innych, zorientowanie na inne podmioty uczestniczące w procesach komunikacyjnych. W dobie cywilizacji medialnej ludzie komunikują się przede wszystkim za pośrednictwem coraz nowocześniejszych mediów. W tej perspektywie komunikacja medialna ujawnia cechy komunikacji interpodmiotowej, a media jawią się jako narzędzia w komunikacji osób. Warto zatem spojrzeć na media przez pryzmat ich funkcjonalności i roli integracyjno-mediacyjnej. Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą analizy tej roli z perspektywy teorii komunikacji i aksjologii mediów w świetle personalistycznej wizji człowieka.
PL
Badając myśl księdza Józefa Tischnera przez pryzmat prasy, radia i telewizji, należy stwierdzić, że był on postacią medialną, szczególnie w latach dziewięćdziesiątych ubiegłego stulecia. Dla wielu – w tym także dla dziennikarzy – Tischner jawił się jako autorytet potrafiący z jednej strony podejmować różne, często kontrowersyjne tematy, z drugiej zaś – zaciekawiać swoją wypowiedzią słuchacza czy widza. Stawiając pytanie o przyczynę popularności Tischnera można uznać, że ogromne znaczenie miała także forma Tischnerowskiego przekazu. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest pokazanie ks. Tischnera jako osobowości medialnej. Tekst powstał w oparciu o pracę doktorską nt. Ksiądz Józef Tischner w polskich środkach społecznego przekazu (1955–2000). Studium politologiczno-medioznawcze. Praca została wyróżniona w 2012 r. przez Redakcję „Studiów Medioznawczych” w konkursie na pracę doktorską z zakresu nauk o mediach.
EN
Studies on the ideas of the Reverend Józef Tischner seen from the angle of the press, radio and television show clearly that he was a public figure, especially in the 1990s. For many people – including journalists – Tischner appeared to be an authority who could raise different subjects, often controversial, and at the same time engage listeners or the audience with his speech. The significant reason for Tischner’s popularity was also the way he communicated. This article aims at showing the rev. Tischner as a public figure. The article has been based on the doctoral dissertation titled The Reverend Józef Tischner in the Polish mass media (1955–2000). Political and media studies. The dissertation was recognized in 2012 by the „Media Studies” Editorial team during the competition in doctoral dissertation on media studies
EN
Mediating and integrating role of the media in personal communication relationships. Communication relationships of human are interpersonal or social, communal. The nature of communication already involves the relation to others and the orientation to different people taking part in the processes of communication. In the era of media civilization people communicate primarily through increasingly more modern media. In this perspective, media communication reveals features of interpersonal communication and the media have emerged as a tool in communication between people. Thus, it is worth taking a look at the media in their functional way as well as in their mediating and integrating role. Therefore, the aim of the article is to analyze this role from the perspective of theory of communication and media axiology in the light of personal vision of man.
EN
The specific nature of the work of journalists demands basic honesty in the implementation of journalistic mission. The best way to fulfill this mission is fidelity to the codes of ethics of journalism. The tasks facing journalists are a big challenge, but they are doable if the journalist remains faithful to professional ethics, which indicates the need to fully engage on the side of truth and goodness, the fundamental values of each media coverage. The author justifies the thesis, referring to the thought of John Paul II, about the need for professional ethics in the media, through which journalists, by their vocation and their professional commitments, will serve the basic human values: truth, justice, freedom and love, and will contribute to building a social order based on these values.
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