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EN
Contemporary folklore studies use photographs, especially family snapshots, to conduct narrative interviews in the course of a field work. They treat photography, which has broken the monopoly of spoken word in traditional culture, as a carrier of memory, human experiences and emotions, as images supported with words influence ways of comprehending the past and shaping the memory within local communities. New image-recording techniques also affect the method of carrying out field work, makingit possible to perpetuate the situation under investigation not only on a photographic platebut also on video carriers and digital tapes, thus extending the possibilities of interpreting the current folklore sources. Documentation collected in this way may be published on professional web portals along with the text. The fact that image-recording tools have become so widespread also increases the pace of the changes taking place within the domain of traditional family and annual rituals: recordingvarious events (e.g. wedding receptions or Shrovetide ceremonies) on a videotape and then posting those videos on the Internet, especially on YouTube, sets a new area of field work for folklorists and speeds up the process of theatricalization and carnivalization of contemporary culture.
EN
One of the recurring themes when conducting life-interviews with women coaches is their confrontation with the fact that their physique does not correspond to the body-frame considered to be ideal in their respective sports disciplines. Since they can preserve their athletic identity only with the help of their physique, the course of their careers depends on the solution they find to this problem. The study presents this decision-making process using Luhmann's systems theory: as an environmental interaction between a neurophysiological (the body), a psychological (the identity of women coaches) and a social (sports) system. It looks upon this situation as a communication between female athletes and competitive sport as a social system, in which observation is accorded an outstanding role. Assuming the role of an observer, female athletes see the series of movements and solutions that their coach does not recognize. Instead of physical perfection, they develop the individual perfection of movement execution.
EN
The paper presents partial results of a research project dealing with the nature of expertise of foreign language teachers. Whereas the first two phases of the project focused on expert teacher’s performance, knowledge base and insight from a synchronous perspective, the third phase of the research was diachronically oriented and was aimed at identifying both subjective and objective determinants of the development of teacher expertise. In the current paper we present the results concerning subjective determinants of their professional development. The data were collected in narrative interviews with 8 teachers of English or German at Czech lower secondary schools. The following categories were induced through open coding of verbal protocols: the teacher’s self-knowledge, their intrinsic motivation, value system, job satisfaction, openness to change and coping with the demands of the profession. The results contribute to understanding of the processes of developing and maintaining expertise and to understanding of the needs of teachers and the development of the supporting processes of their professional development.
EN
The authors of the article present the results of (quantitative and qualitative) research on narrative interviews from the Oral History Archive – more precisely: memories of the Warsaw Uprising witnesses (its active participants). The main subject of the analyses, which align with the trends of reflections on the phenomenon of studies on social archives and follow the premises of memory linguistics, are the elements of the lexical level, i.e. collocations of the possessive pronouns mój, nasz (my, ours). In the discourse on the events of August 1944, they can be considered to be some of the significant determinants of individual and/or collective identities of the subjects. The search for answers to the questions about how the identity of the Warsaw Uprising participants is revealed at the level of selected biographical narrations, whatelements dominate there and how it is determined, allows for drawing some conclusions, including the final one: despite the expected predominance of individual identity (and personal views of the past), the examined relationships show a strong expansion of the sense of community which is evident even in the areas that fall within the domain of individual memory.
PL
The aim of the article is to present the subjective perspective of a person with congenital low vision who experienced gradual vision deterioration up to total loss. The case study method was used, in which the narrative biographic interview was the main technique of collecting data. In the analysed narratives, certain milestones were identified in the process of coping with the consequences of progressive impairment. Those were the situations when the subject was no longer able to perform a specific task, which she had earlier performed under visual control. They made the subject realise the progressive nature of the disease and inevitably confronted her with the acquisition of permanent severe impairment. Those situations caused temporary disruption of her psychological balance and increased her demand for emotional support. With time, however, they also motivated the subject to use previously rejected rehabilitation devices and techniques. Lack of knowledge of functional implications of eye conditions (including reduced acuity and contrast sensitivity, field defects, light/dark adaptation problems, etc.) among family members and other people hindered the process of providing optimal instrumental support to the subject.
PL
The inspiration for this article was a project entitled “Crossing Borders: Activation of Disabled Seniors” carried out in the Daily Nursing Home run by Stowarzyszenie Przyjaciół Strzyży (Strzyża Friends’ Association) in Gdańsk, in the period between 15 June and 15 December 2015. The project focused on eliciting memories about the seniors’ past with the use of a biographical method and a narrative interview. The problems concentrate on the issue of de-somatisation and possibilities and modes of compensation. Referring to the therapeutic role of the biographical method, the author tries to find out if creating narratives supports the acquisition of sense of life and acceptance of the past in the context of traumatic childhood experiences.
EN
Belarus is a typical borderline country featuring multi-ethnicity, including various cultures, denominations and languages co-existing one near the other. Current socio-linguistic situation in Belarus may be defined as socially conditioned diglossia. Russian is the language of the governing elites, all-level education, popular culture and mass media. Urban inhabitants speak almost entirely Russian, and the majority of village inhabitants speak Belarusian dialects. When, during Lukaszenka’s rule, Belarusian language fell once again in disgrace, it once again became a symbol of national revival and a fighting tool of opposition. Representatives of democratic elites speak Belarusian, but only when they hold informal meetings or political events. Based on biographic interviews held with the representatives of the Belarusian intelligentsia in Belarus, the Author has revealed a process of the narrators’ discovering an importance of a mother tongue as a sign of national identity. The process of realizing the importance of the Belarusian language in the life of an individual, as well as ethnic community, as well as a process of conscious learning of the language is, for contemporary Belarusians, one of the stages of shaping national identity. Learning the language is followed by participating in Belarusian symbolic culture and remembering history and reviving common memory, which finally leads to conscious identity with a mother land in a symbolic sense, which is broader than purely territorial reference.
EN
In the article we argue for a reconstructive and subject-oriented approach to data collection and analysis in order to reconstruct perspectives of pupils with linguistically and spatially discontinuous school biographies as a basis for needs analysis. The paper takes an in-depth look at a narrative interview with such a pupil using the Documentary Method. Based on the analysed interview passage and with recourse to the praxeologically extended sociocultural theories of SLA, we derive initial implications for schools with pupils with migratory experiences. One crucial assumption is that, in order to create better educational opportunities for children with migratory experiences, school staff need to systematically develop contingency competence. By contingency competence we mean the sensitivity and awareness of the principal openness of human life forms and their diverse possibilities for linguistic, material, and practical expression. Conclusions are drawn on what the required competencies contain and how an inclusive school can be created.
EN
Realizing by researchers the importance of the narrative as a way of understanding the world resulted in changes in the methods of research of adult learning. The article presents a narrative interview as a method of collecting data on adult learning. It shows the areas of application of narrative interview and shows examples of human learning theories in the context of the history of life, created in the course of textual analysis of autobiographical stories.
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2019
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vol. XXI
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issue (2/2019)
131-145
EN
Aim. This paper presents a narrative interview procedure in a unique way, due to the presence of not one, but two narrators simultaneously. The narrative interview technique was presented in the context of the narrative-biographical method, and marital functioning was presented in the context of a systemic understanding of the family. Methods. The study was conducted using a narrative interview technique with married couples who rate their marriage as happy. The research focused on happiness in marriage and was conducted with a group of spouses who subjectively rate their marriage as highly satisfying. Results. The article justifies the validity of using a narrative interview with simultaneous participation of both spouses. Conclusions. The shape of the narrative depends to a large extent on the way it functions, its structure, the level of closeness, satisfaction with the relationship, and the links between the different members of the system. Inviting both spouses to a joint narrative interview was justified in the situation of conducting research among married couples who assessed their marriage as very satisfying. Otherwise, a joint interview would probably have been impossible, and certainly risky.
PL
Cel. W artykule przedstawiono procedurę prowadzenia wywiadu narracyjnego w wyjątkowy sposób, z uwagi na obecność nie jednego, ale dwóch narratorów jednocześnie. Technikę wywiadu narracyjnego przedstawiono w kontekście metody narracyjno-biograficznej, a funkcjonowanie małżeństwa w kontekście systemowego rozumienia rodziny. Metody. Badanie prowadzono z wykorzystaniem techniki wywiadu narracyjnego z małżeństwami, które oceniają swoje małżeństwo jako szczęśliwe. Badania dotyczyły szczęścia w związku i były prowadzone w grupie małżonków, którzy subiektywnie oceniają swoje małżeństwo jako wysoce satysfakcjonujące. Wyniki. W artykule udowodniono zasadność zastosowania wywiadu narracyjnego z jednoczesnym udziałem obojga małżonków. Wnioski. Kształt narracji zależy w znacznej mierze od sposobu jej funkcjonowania, struktury, poziomu bliskości, satysfakcji z relacji, powiązań pomiędzy poszczególnymi członkami systemu. Zaproszenie do wspólnego wywiadu narracyjnego obojga małżonków było zasadne w sytuacji prowadzenia badań wśród małżeństw, które oceniały swój związek jako bardzo satysfakcjonujący. W innym wypadku wspólny wywiad prawdopodobnie byłby niemożliwy, a na pewno ryzykowny.
EN
Social work, understood as a professional activity, consists in providing support to people on the basis of a previously conducted diagnosis. The diagnosis of a situation requires the social worker to undertake specific research activities, which include collecting data with the use of selected techniques and tools, processing data or presenting conclusions. In the field of widely understood social work, there are various qualitative approaches and research strategies which constitute an adequate way of explaining social phenomena, at the same time formal and legal regulations and the institutional context create different conditions for conducting research in the profession of a social worker. The adopted methodological solutions, in the form of a model questionnaire of a family environmental interview, are rather in the normative paradigm, which has specific consequences for the analysis of social problems. One of the techniques (or methods) identical to the field of interest and procedures functioning in professional social work, and at the same time enabling the understanding of human experiences, is the narrative interview. Autobiographical narratives collected through this method allow, among others, to diagnose biographical and social problems and to plan support activities on this basis. However, due to the barriers indicated in the paper, a change in the research method towards an interpretative approach seems unlikely.
PL
Praca socjalna, rozumiana jako działalność zawodowa, polega na udzielaniu ludziom wsparcia w oparciu o wcześniej przeprowadzoną diagnozę. Rozpoznanie sytuacji wymaga od pracownika socjalnego podjęcia określonych czynności badawczych, wśród których można wymienić m.in. gromadzenie materiału za pomocą wybranych technik i narzędzi, opracowanie danych czy prezentację wniosków. W polu szeroko rozumianej pracy socjalnej obecne są różne jakościowe podejścia oraz strategie badawcze, które stanowią adekwatny sposób wyjaśniania zjawisk społecznych, równocześnie regulacje formalno-prawne i kontekst instytucjonalny tworzą odmienne warunki dla prowadzenia badań w zawodzie pracownika socjalnego. Przyjęte rozwiązania metodologiczne, w postaci wzoru kwestionariusza rodzinnego wywiadu środowiskowego, wpisują się raczej w paradygmat normatywny, co ma określone konsekwencje dla analizy problemów społecznych. Jedną z technik (lub metod) tożsamą z polem zainteresowania i procedurami funkcjonującymi w zawodowo podejmowanej pracy socjalnej, a jednocześnie umożliwiającą zrozumienie ludzkich doświadczeń jest wywiad narracyjny. Gromadzone za jego pośrednictwem narracje pozwalają m.in. na diagnozowanie problemów biograficznych i społecznych oraz planowanie na tej podstawie działań pomocowych. Jednak z uwagi na wskazane w tekście bariery zmiana sposobu badania w kierunku podejścia interpretatywnego wydaje się mało prawdopodobna.
EN
The subject of the analysis is the reflection of a woman with breast cancer’s husband on his role as her informal caregiver. In the narrator’s statements, the tension between the idea of an ideal husband and caregiver and the assessment of his own efforts to support a ill wife was very clear. The self-evaluation made by the narrator definitely disadvantages him, and at the same time is in clear contradiction to his description of his actions for the well-being of his wife and the high quality of their relationship.
PL
Przedmiotem prezentowanych analiz jest refleksja męża kobiety z rakiem piersi nad funkcjonowaniem w roli jej nieformalnego opiekuna. W wypowiedziach narratora bardzo wyraźnie zarysowało się napięcie między wyobrażeniem o idealnym mężu i opiekunie a oceną własnych wysiłków w zakresie wspierania chorującej żony. Autoewaluacja dokonana przez narratora wypada zdecydowanie na jego niekorzyść, a przy tym pozostaje w jawnej sprzeczności z opisem podejmowanych przez niego działań na rzecz dobrostanu żony i wysokiej jakości ich związku.
PL
Teza. Badania jakościowe, uznawane przez wielu badaczy za subiektywistyczne i przez to mało wiarygodne, reprezentują jeden z wielu sposobów prowadzących do obiektywnego poznania. Omówione koncepcje. W artykule autorka omawia koncepcję Susan E. Chase dotyczącą wywiadu narracyjnego oraz koncepcję tożsamości narracyjnej w wywiadzie biograficznym Dana McAdamsa. Opisuje także podejście autobiograficzne oraz podejście auto/biograficzne, wskazując na istotne różnice między nimi. Podaje przykłady zastosowań obu podejść. Wyniki i wnioski. Dzięki biografiom i autobiografiom badacz ma możliwość poznania kontekstu sytuacyjnego, środowiskowego i historycznego badanego zjawiska. Auto/biograficzne narracje dostarczają także wiedzy na temat kształtowania się życia psychicznego i całej osobowości człowieka. Oryginalność. Badania auto/biograficzne wykorzystywane są z powodzeniem w edukacji osób dorosłych. Pełnią wiele ważnych funkcji, m.in. poznawczą, krytyczną, wychowawczą, demaskatorską, terapeutyczną.
EN
Thesis. Qualitative research, regarded by many researchers as subjectivistic and therefore unreliable, is one of many ways leading to objective cognition. Discussed concepts. In the article the author discusses the concept of Susan E. Chase regarding narrative interview and the concept of narrative identity in the biographical interview of Dan McAdams. It also describes both the autobiographical approach and the auto/biographical approach, indicating the significant differences between them. Additionally, it provides examples of the application of both approaches. Results and conclusions. Owing to biographies and autobiographies, the researcher has the opportunity to learn about the situational, environmental and historical context of the studied phenomenon. Auto/biographical narratives also provide knowledge about shaping one’s mental life and the entirety of human personality. Originality. Auto/biographical surveys are successfully used in adult education. They perform many important functions, including cognitive, critical, educational, unmasking, and therapeutic.
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problematykę przemilczeń w narracjach biograficznych funkcjonariuszy aparatu władzy PRL. Stanowi studium strategii unikania opowieści o okresie Polski Ludowej, a jego podstawą jest czternastogodzinny wywiad narracyjny z emerytowanym pułkownikiem Ludowego Wojska Polskiego. Autor proponuje kontinuum strategii unikania, które rozciąga się od prób odpolitycznienia własnego uczestnictwa w systemie, poprzez strategię minimalnych ustępstw, do prób zdjęcia z siebie odpowiedzialności za uczestnictwo w strukturach władzy. Zdaniem autora, może ono stanowić przyczynek do stworzenia modelu – przydatnego narzędzia zwiększającego efektywność badań nad funkcjonariuszami poprzedniego systemu. Kontinuum jest jednocześnie propozycją rozpoczęcia namysłu nad problemem przemilczeń biograficznych, pojawiającym się w badaniach biograficznych nad wspomnianą grupą. Problem ten wydaje się szczególnie istotny ze względu na konsekwentne negowanie okresu PRL w polskim dyskursie publicznym.
EN
The paper undertakes the issue of concealments in the biographical narrative of Polish communist government’s functionaries. It is a study of various strategies of avoiding telling the stories about the period of PRL, based on a fourteen-hour narrative interview with a retired colonel of Polish People’s Army. The author proposes a continuum of these strategies, which extends from the de-politicization of narrator’s participation in the previous system, through the strategy of minimal concessions to taking off responsibility for the participation in the system. Acording to the author, the continuum can be a first step to creating a more complex model that would be a useful tool forto improvinge the efficiency of research on the functionaries of the previous system. The continuum is also aimed at proposinges to start athe reflection on the issue of concealment in such research, which seems to be particularly important in the current situation of the consistent denial of the communist period within the Polish public discourse.
EN
The essay attempts to look at the figure of the narrator and researcher immersed in the process of discovering the world of senses and meanings. The text was inspired by the question about the role and importance of the biographical and narrative researcher in the research process, which the author of the text heard at one of the nationwide scientific conferences. The search for answers led to two unique figures of the researcher and narrator: people involved in the recognition of everyday experiences recorded in the history of modern man. The reflections contained in the essay were based on the author’s individual research experiences. The subject of the text focuses on the narrator and the narrative researcher as two active socio-cultural subjects. The narrator is seen from the perspective of a guide through his life, the researcher from the perspective of a person who walks step by step through the nooks and crannies of the narrator’s life, his determining events, meetings with others who change the course of his life so far. The essence of their meeting is trust and understanding.
PL
W eseju podjęto się próby spojrzenia na postać narratora i badacza zanurzonych w proces odkrywania świata sensów i znaczeń. Inspiracją do powstania tekstu stało się pytanie o rolę i znaczenie badacza biograficzno-narracyjnego w procesie badawczym, które autorka tekstu usłyszała na jednej z ogólnopolskich konferencji naukowych. Poszukiwanie odpowiedzi zaprowadziło myśli ku dwóm wyjątkowym postaciom badacza i narratora: osobom zaangażowanym w rozczytywanie codziennych doznań zapisanych na kartach historii życia współczesnego człowieka. Refleksje zawarte w eseju oparto na indywidualnych doświadczeniach badawczych autorki. Problematyka tekstu koncentruje się na narratorze i badaczu narracyjnym jako dwóch aktywnych społeczno-kulturowych podmiotach. Narrator widziany jest z perspektywy przewodnika po swoim życiu, badacz z perspektywy osoby podążającej krok po kroku po zakamarkach życia narratora, determinujących jego świat zdarzeniach, spotkaniach z innymi zmieniających bieg dotychczasowego życia. Istotą ich spotkania staje się zaufanie i zrozumienie.
EN
The purpose of this paper is to reconstruct the types of sentimental work that mothers perform in the context of their children’s difficult school experiences. The interpretative framework for the analysis of women’s actions is the category of sentimental work developed by Anselm Strauss and his colleagues. The analyzed material consists of autobiographical narrative interviews with women-mothers, collected as part of the international ISOTIS project. The empirical data was subjected to the coding procedure used in generating grounded theory, which allowed for the identification of six different types of sentimental work: interactional work, composure work, trust work, biographical work, identity work and rectification work. The results of the study indicate that mothers are key figures in the institutionalised learning process, performing a range of complex but unnoticed activities in the course of their daily practices. Identifying and characterising mothers’ sentimental work allowed to describe its relevance to teachers’ professional tasks and children’s functioning in school.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest rekonstrukcja typów pracy nad odczuciami, jaką wykonują matki w kontekście trudnych doświadczeń szkolnych swoich dzieci. Ramą interpretacyjną dla analizy działań kobiet była kategoria pracy nad odczuciami opracowana przez Anzelma Strauss’a i jego współpracowników. Analizie poddane zostały autobiograficzne wywiady narracyjne z kobietami-matkami, gromadzone w ramach międzynarodowego projektu ISOTIS. Dane empiryczne zostały poddane procedurze kodowania, stosowanej w generowaniu teorii ugruntowanej, co umożliwiło wyodrębnienie sześciu typów pracy nad odczuciami: pracę nad interakcjami, nad zachowaniem spokoju, nad zaufaniem, biograficzną, nad tożsamością i naprawczą. Wyniki analiz wskazują, że matki są kluczowymi postaciami zinstytucjonalizowanego procesu kształcenia, które wykonują w toku codziennych praktyk szereg złożonych, ale niezauważanych działań. Zidentyfikowanie i charakterystyka pracy matek nad odczuciami pozwoliła opisać jej znaczenie dla realizacji zadań zawodowych przez nauczycieli, a także funkcjonowania dzieci w szkole.
EN
The article presents empirical material that allows to outline the situation of contemporary women experiencing difficult motherhood compared to women twenty years ago described by Małgorzata Kościelska (1998). Qualitative research was attended by 18 women who experienced difficult motherhood associated with unsuccessful prenatal diagnosis due to disability, genetic disease or birth defect. Fritz Schütz's autobiographical narrative interview was used. An analysis of the content of the respondents' statements reveals their concern not only for the child's health and physical development, but also for their mental well-being. Diagnosis of birth defects and genetic anomalies does not inhibit the development of the mother's emotional bond. Women undergo prenatal testing more consciously than in the 1990s. Although they are afraid of such tests, they are more worried about the child's health than about being abandoned by their husband. Their motivation to undergo prenatal tests results from their desire to remedy developmental abnormalities quickly. The possibility of pregnancy termination procedure causes a lot of extreme emotions and moral doubts. Half of the women surveyed positively assess the support within the support groups and advice on online forums, while they rarely receive institutional psychological support (5 people out of 18 respondents). Most women emphasize social ostracism. Despite the passage of 20 years since the publication of Difficult Motherhood by Małgorzata Kościelska (1998), the development of new technologies, medicine, and socio-political transformation, the situation of mothers awaiting the birth of a child and experiencing an unsuccessful diagnosis has not changed radically and requires many systemic changes.
EN
This paper attempts to take a critical look at the narrative interview in order to identify the methodological pitfalls and challenges posed by this widely-applied research tool. It analyses the research process in a project involving sixty-four 3rd year students of applied linguistics at a large university in western Poland in the summer term of the academic year 2018/2019. The project included three stages: (1) interviewing a person from another country studying in Poland about their intercultural experiences; (2) transcribing the interviews and (3) presenting the results of their analysis in the form of a written report. On completion of their assignments, the students were asked to share their reflections on all stages of their research in an anonymous survey study. The questionnaire data was juxtaposed with analysis of the student transcripts and reports in order to identify and compare the student and the teacher perspectives on methodological aspects of narrative research. The outcomes of the survey study show that the students, as inexperienced or even first-time researchers, mostly focused on their language proficiency and technical aspects of the interview, while the teacher/researcher pointed primarily to flaws in the formulation of the interview questions and lack of subsequent probing questions, which resulted in superficial responses or even at times deprived the interview of a narrative character. The study also documented the evolution of students as researchers and its results might be applicable for teachers offering courses in academic writing or BA/MA seminars.
PL
In the article, the author presents the history of Polish re-emigrants and their children, who after several years of stay in London are re-organizing their life in Poland. By interpreting the narrative interview and using a case study (according to Stake’s conception), it shows that the situation of cultural change is particularly relevant to the adaptation of children in school space. Parents describe children’s school experiences in detail (learning difficulties, tensions, cultural differences). They also show their own struggles to re-root in their home country. Their return is paid for with losses and doubts, it requires involvement in the education of children and developing ways of dealing with re-emigration
EN
Autorka przedstawia w artykule historię polskich reemigrantów i ich dzieci, którzy po wielu latach pobytu w Londynie na nowo organizują swoje życie w Polsce. Interpretując wywiad narracyjny i wykorzystując studium przypadku (według koncepcji Stake’a), pokazuje, że sytuacja zmiany kulturowej dotyczy szczególnie adaptacji dzieci w przestrzeni szkolnej. Rodzice szczegółowo opisują doświadczenia szkolne pociech (trudności w  nauce, napięcia, różnice kulturowe). Pokazują również własne zmagania w ponownym zakorzenianiu się w macierzystym kraju. Powrót jest okupiony stratami, wątpliwościami, wymaga zaangażowania w edukację dzieci i wypracowania sposobów radzenia sobie z reemigracją.
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