Search results

1

Global foreign accent rating of code-switched and L2-only sentences

100%

Šimáčková Š., Podlipský V. J.

Research in Language

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2016

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vol. 14

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issue 2

149-164

EN

Recent studies of short-term phonetic interference suggest that code-switching can lead to momentary increases in L1 influence on L2. In an earlier study using a single acoustic measure (VOT), we found that Czech EFL learners’ pronunciation of English voiceless stops had shorter, i.e. more L1-Czech-like, VOTs in codeswitched compared to L2-only sentences. The first aim of the current study was to test the prediction that native listeners would judge the code-switched English productions as more foreign-accented than the L2-only productions. The results provide only weak support for this prediction. The second aim was to test whether more native-like VOT values would correlate with improved accentedness scores. This was confirmed for sentence-initial stops.

2

Angielskie wyrazy okolicznościowe w polszczyźnie

100%

Kuźniak M., Mańczak-Wohlfeld E.

LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa

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2014

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issue 17

69-79

EN

The article discusses the latest English nonce borrowings in Polish. The study, which is based on the project initiated by the Department of English Studies at Wrocław University, embraces ca. 800 units of varied complexity. The argument that arises from the analysis is that the category of nonce borrowings or “meteors” should be carefully distinguished from other related categories, if we take the criterion of the degree of assimilation in the target language as the key factor. In consequence, the superordinate category is formed by the all-inclusive notion of non-native lexis which further includes as its subcategories borrowings proper (well-assimilated units), foreign words and phrases (semi-assimilated units), and “unknown” foreign words and phrases (non-assimilated units). The category of nonce borrowings is postulated to reside in the area covering the scope of foreign semi- and non-assimilated units in the target language.

3

Code-Switching Practices among Immigrant Polish L2 Users of English

100%

Ożańska-Ponikwia K.

Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition

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2016

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vol. 2

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issue 1

EN

The present paper aims to present a qualitative study on code-switching practices among L2 users immersed in the L2 culture. Code-switching practices were measured among 62 Polish L2 users of English who had immigrated to the UK and Ireland and reported using English on everyday basis. The informants of the study were to answer an open question concerning situations in which they switch from their L2 to L1 most frequently. The analysis of the results reviled that the participants reported code switching mostly in emotionally charged situations as well as when discussing personal topics with known interlocutors. The results of the study are in line with some quantitative studies (Dewaele, 2010) as well as some autobiographical findings (Grosjean, 2010, Pavlenko, 2004, Wierzbicka, 2004) and shed some more light on a complex notion of bilingualism and code-switching.

4

Code-switching on Facebook among Jordanians

100%

AbuTayeh A.

Academic Journal of Modern Philology

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2021

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issue 14

45-54

EN

Over the past years, the Internet has become a tool of communication among different people in the world. Due to the spread of the Internet, many researchers have focused their attention on the study of language use through the Internet. Code-switching is one of the sociolinguistic phenomena that have been observed in Computer Mediated Communication (CMC). The present paper explores the sociolinguistic phenomenon of code-switching in computer mediated communication by Jordanians. The study highlighted several English words that have been utilized for code-switching through online interaction. Furthermore, it studied the participants’ views about the role of Facebook in mixing Arabic with English. The methodology used in this study was descriptive, involving both qualitative and quantitative methods. An online questionnaire was shared on Facebook pages and groups. The sample included 181 participants; in addition, 35 interviews took place at home with relatives, with neighbors and in shops. The results revealed several perspectives about code-switching. Some participants mentioned that Facebook has led them to code-switch by using the most frequently switched words, such as; comment, like, group, share. Nevertheless, other participants mentioned that they prefer to use Modern Standard Arabic (MSA) and avoid using any English words in online activities, which means that Facebook has no impact on their language. A higher percentage of participants agreed that Facebook plays a role in mixing Arabic with English.

5

Interferencja rosyjsko-cerkiewnosłowiańska w tekstach staroobrzędowych z XIX–XX wieku

100%

Pociechina H.

Przegląd Wschodnioeuropejski

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2019

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vol. 1

373-388

EN

Until today, the Russian of Old Believers’ prints and manuscripts has not been subject to research in linguistic studies. The written language under investigation here, as seen in hand-written notebooks or books printed illegally, is based on the urban variant of the Russian colloquial language. Old Church Slavonic elements are prominent in the analyzed texts, which might be the result of teaching the skills of reading and writing from Old Church Slavonic primers (azbukas) and from the Church Slavonic Psalter and Horologion (Book of Hours). This feature of the analyzed texts refers not only to paraliturgical scripts (used to pray at home) but also to polemic and didactic writings, as well as texts aimed to be read aloud or sung, such as spiritual poems. Fragments of texts in Old Church Slavonic are mainly quotations or reminiscences from the Holy Scripture and writings of the Church Fathers, taken from early polemic texts. The fragments also refer to the everyday reality of the Orthodox Church life. The paper presents analyses of texts such as: “Wiecznaja Pravda” by Avvakum Komissarov, Sinodik, Skitskoje pokajanije, Czin ispowiedaniju, as well as calendars and spiritual guides.

6

Lingua e dialetto nel comportamento verbale degli italiani attraverso… la stilizzazione letteraria dell’oralità nei romanzi di A. Camilleri. Problemi di traduzione in altre lingue (polacco e francese) dei fenomeni di code-switching nella conversazione

89%

Beszterda I.

Annales Universitatis Paedagogicae Cracoviensis. Studia de Cultura

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2017

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issue 9(3)

5-13

IT

Nel quadro del presente contributo ci si propone di trattare due argomenti in particolare:i fenomeni del cambio di codice (code-switching lingua/dialetto) nella conversazione e il problema della traducibilità in lingue diverse (polacco e francese) di sfumature contestuali determinate dal valore discorsivo e dalle funzioni pragmatiche dell’alternanza di codice lingua/dialetto presso la comunità verbale italiana. L’analisi che ci si propone di condurre consisterà nel paragonare le strategie adoperate da traduttori polacchi e francesi volte a trasferire nelle rispettive lingue peculiarità sociopragmatiche del discorso bilingue tipico della situazione italiana lingua cum dialectis.

PL

W artykule prowadzi się rozważania na temat stopnia przekładalności zjawiska przełączania kodów (język włoski/dialekt), a zwłaszcza jego funkcji dyskursywnych (por. Auer 2003), wykorzystywanych przez włoskich użytkowników języka w konwersacji potocznej. Jako materiał badawczy posłużyły trzy powieści A. Camillerego, w których Autor dokonuje zabiegu stylizacji literackiej na włoski język mówiony. Na podstawie przekładu na język polski i francuski wspomnianych powieści przeprowadza się analizę porównawczą technik translatorycznych zastosowanych przez poszczególnych tłumaczy w tych fragmentach tekstu, gdzie występuje zjawisko przełączania kodów.

7

Influence of Eurojargon on Polish meps’ discourse

88%

Tomaszewska A.

Społeczeństwo. Edukacja. Język

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2015

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vol. 3

197-210

EN

The purpose of this article is to analyze the influence of the language of EU’s institutions (eurojargon) on the discourse of Polish Members of the European Parliament in the media and during public debates or speeches. The theoretical part presents different academic approaches and chosen literature related to the subject and describes linguistic features of eurojargon in the Polish language. The empirical part is devoted to the qualitative analysis of spoken data of Janusz Lewandowski, Marek Migalski and Jacek Kurski. The analysis focuses on finding the reasons for the usage of eurojargon elements, as well as defining dominating categories of foreign elements in their speeches.

8

Code-switching in the records of a Scottish brotherhood in early modern Poland-Lithuania

88%

Kopaczyk J.

Poznań Studies in Contemporary Linguistics

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2013

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vol. 49

281-319

EN

This paper discusses code-switching in the records of a Protestant brotherhood which were kept by Scottish emigrants in the Polish city of Lublin in the late 17th century. This manuscript material has not been analyzed linguistically yet. Indeed, Scottish migration to the Continent in the early modern period has only recently been studied with more attention by historians while a linguistic assessment of the writings composed by the Scots in the emigrant context is still pending. The analysis shows how Latin, the universal language of administration, and Polish, the language of the host community, helped Scottish writers to construct authoritative and context-sensitive texts, or literacy events (Sebba 2012). The discussion identifies pragmatic and discourse-related differences between switches to Latin and to Polish, and pays due attention to the questions of the socio-historical background, language status, genre and channel in the context of historical code-switching.

9

Anglo-Scandinavian code-mixing in English place-names

88%

Fekete T.

Studia Anglica Posnaniensia

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2015

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vol. 50

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issue 4

5-23

EN

With this paper I wish to investigate the nature of code-mixing found in English place names chiefly, though not exclusively, from the Danelaw area. The paper analyses this code-mixing in the frame-work of contact linguistics in the light of the contact situation between Old English and Old Norse, as described by Townend (2002) and Lutz (2013), that existed from the 8th century onwards, bearing in mind, however, that the Scandinavian place names may not necessarily be direct indicators of the nature and extent of the Scandinavian settlement itself. Historical code-switching usually and generally focuses on describing intersentential and intrasentential code-switching, and this paper aims at broadening the overall scope of the investigation through the inclusion of onomastics. The analysis will be chiefly based on a corpus of 1,915 relevant place-names, with the data drawn from the Oxford Dictionary of English Place-Names (Mills 1998), and Fellows-Jensen’s regional studies on Scandinavian place-names in England (Fellows-Jensen 1972, 1978, 1985). The primary focus of the investigation will be those place names which contain both Scandinavian and English elements, used to contain at least one Scandinavian or English element which was replaced by an element from the other language, contain at least one element which underwent a transformation to accommodate to the phonological system of the other language and contain elements which could belong to either of the languages but cannot be decided with absolute certainty. In this paper I also argue that names (specifically the above mentioned place-names) can conform to Muysken’s (2000) category of congruent lexicalization and that word-internal code-switching, and CS in general, is in fact a phenomenon that can occur in the case of hybrid place-names.

10

Leksykalne i syntaktyczne elementy rosyjskiej gwary w polszczyźnie staroobrzędowców z Gabowych Grądów i Boru

88%

Paśko D.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2010

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vol. 34

EN

Lexical and syntactic elements of the Russian dialect in the polish language of the old believers from Gabowe Grądy and BórThe Old Believers living in Poland are descendants of the Old Believers who did not accept the Patriarch Nikon’s reforms in the second half of the 17th century. The villages Gabowe Grądy and Bór are the biggest centers of the Old Believers in Poland. As a result of Polish-Russian bilingualism, we can observe not only the influence of Polish on the Russian dialect, but also the influence of the Russian dialect on the Polish of the Old Believers. Some characteristic features of their Polish which result from the influence of the Russian dialect include: borrowings, calques, hybrids and code-switching. Лексические и синтаксические элементы русского говора в польском языке старообрядцев из Габовых Грондов и БураСтарообрядцы проживающие в Польше это потомки поселенцев, которые во второй половине ХVII века покидали Россию после реформ Никона. В настоящее время деревни Бур и Габове Гронды являются самыми крупными старообрядческими деревнями в Польше. Их жители употребляют свой русский говор и польский язык попеременно, в зависимости от коммуникативной ситуации и требований коммуникативного партнëра. Для представителей старшего поколения старообрядцев первичным языком является русский говор. На говоре они общаются дома и передают его своим детям. У среднего и младшего поколения польский язык начинает играть бóльшую, чем у старшего роль. Русский говор старообрядцев под влиянием польского языка подвергается гибридизации и его можно даже назвать языком-гибридом. Польское влияние особенно заметно в области лексики (заимствования, кальки, переключение кода). Оно также наблюдается и в несложных высказываниях. Исследование русского говора и польского языка жителей Габовых Грондов и Бура с 1999 года стало проводиться студентами и аспирантами университета им. Николая Коперника в Торуне под руководством проф. Стефана Гжибовского. В результате польско-русского двуязычия отмечено также влияние русского говора на польский язык старообрядцев, прежде всего в лексике и синтаксисе (заимствования, кальки, гибриды, переключение кода, управление глагола и предлога). Заимствования из русского говора коснулись особенно культуры, традиции, обычаев и религии. Влияние русского говора на польский язык видно не только в речи старшего поколения старообрядцев, также среднего и младшего.

11

Przełączanie kodów czy kod mieszany? Aktualny stan bilingwizmu staroobrzędowców w regionie suwalsko-augustowskim

88%

Głuszkowski M.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2012

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vol. 36

EN

Code-switching or a mixed code? The present situation of the old believers' bilingualism in the Suwałki–Augustów region Old Believers’ in the Suwałki–Augustów region constitute a bilingual community. They simultaneously use the Polish language and the Russian dialect. We observe numerous cases of code-switching, i.e. intersentential switches and functionally meaningful intrasentential switches between two languages (between clauses or phrases in a clause), as well as code-mixing, i.e. switches inside simpler units. According to Peter Auer, the phenomenon of code-mixing may bring to the origin of a fused lect. The text is an attempt to describe the present situation of the Polish Old Believers’ bilingualism and answer the question if their dialect has already become a mixed code. The analysis is basing on the linguistic and sociolinguistic material gathered during scientific expeditions to the Old Believers’ settlements in North-Eastern Poland in the years 1999–2011. Актуальная ситуация билингвзма старообрядцев в сувальско-августовском регионеСтарообрядцы в сувальско-августовском регионе образуют двуязычную общину. Они попеременно пользуются польским языком и русским диалектом. В их речи наблюдаются многочисленные случаи переключения кодa, т.е. смены языка высказывания между предложениями, на стыке придаточных предложений и других функционально значимых синтаксических единиц, а также смешение кодов, т.е. смены языка внутри меньших единиц. Согласно положениям П. Ауэра, смешение кодов может привести к образованию смешанного кода (fused lect). Данная статья является попыткой определить состояние билингвизма польских старообрядцев, а также дать ответ на вопрос о возможном образовании смешанного кода на основании русского говора. Анализ опирается на языковые и социолингвистические данные, собранные во время научных экспедиций в старообрядческих местностях северо-восточной Польши в 1999–2011 гг.

12

Riflessi della corrente neodialettale nella narrativa contemporanea pugliese. Analisi sociolinguistica

76%

Beszterda I.

Studia Romanica Posnaniensia

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2016

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vol. 43

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issue 4

147-158

EN

The phenomenon of “neodialettalità” is examined from to perspectives. Initially the term was used to describe works of Italian poets in vernacular languages. Such choice of language was a result of Italian poets’ protest in 1960s against gradual disappearance of vernacular languages and cultural traditions inherent to them. Currently the phenomenon of “neodialettalità” is a consequence of revolutionary sociocultural changes which took place over the last 30-40 years. Those changes did make Italian commonly used but at the cost of vernacular languages which for decades have been pushed to the margin and considered to be a symbol of backwardness or social degradation. It should come as no surprise then that those languages degenerated (or degraded, went through a crisis – author’s comment) and as a result cultural values inherent to them did too. Currently we can observe in Italian society a desire to partly resurrect those traditions though popularization of vernacular languages in many aspects of social life: in literature, advertising, graffiti, newspapers, websites etc. In this paper the author analyses novels of two authors from Apulia region whose works, both in terms of language and sociopragmatics, refer to the phenomenon of “neodialettalità”.

13

Transcultural Identity and Translingual Practices in Salman Rushdie’s "The Satanic Verses"

76%

Mózes D.

Język. Komunikacja. Informacja

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2019

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issue 14

183-203

PL

Mój artykuł proponuje lekturę Szatańskich Wersetów Salmana Rushdiego (1988) jako serię praktyk kulturowych negocjujących między postkolonialnymi kulturami, historiami migracji, miejskimi pejzażami i translingwalnymi repertuarami. Dąży on do językowej interpretacji spostrzeżeń postkolonialistów takich jak Bill Ashcroft i in. (2002) i Homi Bhabha (2010), którzy twierdzą, że pisarze postkolonialni zdekonstruowali „dyskursy” imperialne poprzez przejęcie i hybrydyzację jednojęzyczności powieści angielskiej. Poprzez analizę jakościową – opartą na ramach teoretycznych i metodologii trzeciej fali socjolingwistyki – esej ten bada relacje między tożsamością a używaniem języka na podstawie językowych wypowiedzi i interakcji bohaterów, skupiając się na roli odmian językowych, zjawiskach kontaktowych i przełączaniu kodów w budowaniu postkolonialnej tożsamości. Szczególną uwagę zwraca się także na sposób, w jaki kreatywność translingwalna przyczynia się do powstawania hybrydowych, imigranckich lub diasporycznych formacji tożsamościowych. Czerpiąc z Kandiah (1998) i Pennycook (2003), interpretuje wypowiedzi performatywne jako „semiotyczne rekonstrukcje”, które rekontekstualizują i aktualizują zasoby językowe, kulturowe i semiotyczne postaci. Wysuwając na pierwszy plan koncepcję rekonstrukcji semiotycznej, ma on na celu ujawnienie tzw. metasocjalnego/metakulturowego potencjału wydarzeń performatywnych, jak również rekonstrukcji socjo-semiotycznej i socjosemantycznej, którą te wydarzenia są w stanie osiągnąć.

EN

This article proposes a reading of Salman Rushdie’s The Satanic Verses (1988) as a series of cultural performances negotiating between postcolonial cultures, histories of migration, urban landscapes and translingual repertories. It seeks to linguistically interpret insights by postcolonialists like Bill Ashcroft et al. (2002) and Homi Bhabha (2010), who have argued that postcolonial writers have deconstructed “discourses” of empire by appropriating and hybridizing the monolingualism of the English novel. Though qualitative analysis – informed by the theoretical frame and methodology of the third wave of sociolinguistics – this essay examines the relationships between identity and language use on the basis of characters’ linguistic utterances and interactions, focusing on the role of linguistic varieties, contact phenomena and code-switching in the construction of postcolonial identity. It also pays particular attention to the way in which translingual creativity contributes to the emergence of hybrid, immigrant or diasporic identity formations. Drawing on Kandiah (1998) and Pennycook (2003), it interprets performative utterances as ‘semiotic reconstructions’, which recontextualize and reaccentuate characters’ linguistic, cultural and semiotic resources. By foregrounding the concept of ‘semiotic reconstruction’, it aims to reveal the so-called metasocial/metacultural potential of performance events as well as the socio-semiotic and socio-semantic reconstruction these events are able to achieve.

14

Cultural Complexities and their Environment: Investigations of Code–Switching in Contemporary Visual Arts

75%

Somhegyi Z.

Eidos. A Journal for Philosophy of Culture

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2023

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vol. 7

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issue 2

27-35

EN

Contemporary artworks are primary sources for a better understanding of the most important issues in our current reality. The complexities of cultural interactions are often thematized in pieces of art using the artistic means of code-switching, and where the investigation of these questions is pursued in and with regards to the issues of the broader context, including the built and the urban setting. In this paper I examine some aspects of these questions, with the help of some inspiring examples, through artworks by creators coming from five different parts of the world: hence in the works by Manit Sriwanichpoom, Nandipha Mntambo, Michael Rakowitz, Yinka Shonibare, and Marja Helander. In this way I aim to emphasize the global relevance of these issues, as well as what we can thus learn from and about our own origins, current standpoints, and further possibilities.

15

Uwagi teoretyczne na temat zmiany kodu w monologach starowierców mieszkających w Polsce

75%

Głuszkowski M.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2015

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vol. 39

159-173

EN

The Old Believers living in Poland are a bilingual community. Although they managed to maintain their religion, culture and language through ages, their language situation as well as the structure of the dialect have been undergoing severe changes. In spite of Polish loan translations and borrowings present in the Russian dialect, the Old Believers tend to switch the code between sentences and inside of them. The article is an approach to find an appropriate theoretical approach to characterize the phenomenon of code switching and code mixing in monologues, i.e. these cases of switching which are caused neither by the change of interlocutor nor by the change of communicative situation.

PL

Mieszkający w Polsce staroobrzędowcy są społecznością dwujęzyczną. Choć na przestrzeni kilku stuleci udało im się zachować swoją religię, kulturę i język, ich sytuacja językowa oraz struktura dialektu wciąż podlegają poważnym zmianom. Oprócz zapożyczeń i kalk z języka polskiego przejawem tych zmian jest tendencja do przełączania kodów pomiędzy zdaniami i wewnątrz nich. Artykuł stanowi próbę znalezienia podejścia teoretycznego, które byłoby odpowiednie do opisu zjawisk przełączania i mieszania kodów w monologach, czyli tych przypadków zmiany języka wypowiedzi, które nie są spowodowane zmianą rozmówcy ani sytuacji komunikacyjnej.

16

Uwagi teoretyczne na temat zmiany kodu w monologach starowierców mieszkających w Polsce

75%

Głuszkowski M.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

|

2015

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vol. 39

EN

Theoretical remarks on code-switching in monologues of the Old Believers living in PolandThe Old Believers living in Poland are a bilingual community. Although they managed to maintain their religion, culture and language through ages, their language situation as well as the structure of the dialect have been undergoing severe changes. In spite of Polish loan translations and borrowings present in the Russian dialect, the Old Believers tend to switch the code between sentences and inside of them. The article is an approach to find an appropriate theoretical approach to characterize the phenomenon of code switching and code mixing in monologues, i.e. these cases of switching which are caused neither by the change of interlocutor nor by the change of communicative situation. Uwagi teoretyczne na temat zmiany kodu w monologach starowierców mieszkających w Polsce Mieszkający w Polsce staroobrzędowcy są społecznością dwujęzyczną. Choć na przestrzeni kilku stuleci udało im się zachować swoją religię, kulturę i język, ich sytuacja językowa oraz struktura dialektu wciąż podlegają poważnym zmianom. Oprócz zapożyczeń i kalk z języka polskiego przejawem tych zmian jest tendencja do przełączania kodów pomiędzy zdaniami i wewnątrz nich. Artykuł stanowi próbę znalezienia podejścia teoretycznego, które byłoby odpowiednie do opisu zjawisk przełączania i mieszania kodów w monologach, czyli tych przypadków zmiany języka wypowiedzi, które nie są spowodowane zmianą rozmówcy ani sytuacji komunikacyjnej.

17

Языковые особенности "Дневника" Витольда Цивиньского

75%

Гирининкайте [Girininkaitė] В. V.

Acta Baltico-Slavica

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2020

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vol. 44

EN

Linguistic Features of the Diary of Witold CywińskiThe diary written by student Witold Cywiński (1887–1910) (or Vytautas Civinskis, as he later signed his work with the Lithuanian version of his name) is a unique multilingual egodocument, now held at the Vilnius University Library and the Wróblewski Library of the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences. Written in Polish, Lithuanian and Russian (with additions in other languages) over the period of six years, it shows the evolution of his linguistic repertoire. Along with the attached letters received by the author and drafts of his own letters, it also reflects his sociolinguistic milieu. Borderland Polish used in the diary represents the sociolect of Polish nobility living on the territory of contemporary Lithuania in the early twentieth century, with cases of local lexis and loanwords from Lithuanian and Russian. The passages written in Lithuanian display features of a local variation of the Aukštaitian (High Lithuanian) dialect, and at the same time are a chronicle of the author’s self-study of the new language. Examples of code-switching observed in his diary lead to some interesting psycholinguistic conclusions, including the possibility that the author intentionally used a “montage” of different languages in pursuit of the expressive and poetic functions of the text. Osobliwości językowe Dziennika Witolda Cywińskiego Pisany przez studenta Witolda Cywińskiego (1887–1910) Dziennik (podpisywany w późniejszym okresie litewską formą imienia i nazwiska diarysty Vytautas Civinskis) jest unikatowym, wielojęzycznym egodokumentem, zachowanym w zbiorach Biblioteki Uniwersytetu Wileńskiego i Biblioteki Wróblewskich Litewskiej Akademii Nauk. Prowadzony przez sześć lat w językach polskim, litewskim i rosyjskim, także z wykorzystaniem leksyki z innych języków, Dziennik razem z dołączonymi do niego listami, innymi drobnymi dokumentami oraz zdjęciami odzwierciedla rozwój i zmiany językowego repertuaru autora oraz cechy jego lingwistycznego otoczenia. Polszczyzna Dziennika to polszczyzna kresowa, reprezentująca socjolekt szlachty litewskiej początku XX stulecia. Badane źródło dostarcza przykładów leksyki regionalnej, rusycyzmów i lituanizmów. Litewski materiał Dziennika może być również interesującym obiektem badań nad auksztajckim dialektem autora, a także kroniką kształcenia się diarysty w nowym dla niego języku. Obserwowane w Dzienniku przełączenia kodów prowadzą do ciekawych wniosków psycholingwistycznych na temat osoby bilingwalnej, jak i ewentualnej celowości używania kilku języków do budowania poetyckiej i ekspresywnej funkcji tekstu. Przykłady łączenia przez autora różnych języków w badanym źródle zaproponowano nazwać „montażem” językowym.

18

Kilka uwag o zastosowaniu modelu MLF. Forma rzeczownika w polsko-angielskim przełączaniu kodów

71%

Northeast K.

Polonica

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2018

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vol. 38

109-124

EN

Since the 1950s one can observe the emergence of a new research field in linguistics, namely, language contact. This resulted in the development of extended studies on various aspects of utterances which occur in the context of bi- or multilingualism. One of the phenomena related to language contact is code-switching, which has been examined thoroughly and from different perspectives throughout the last decades. In this paper, the author considers possibilities of using the MLF model in the analysis of bilingual speech. Examples selected from the language data, which had been obtained during a role-play game, illustrated the process of analysis leading to the indication of the matrix language in code switching. The study of the form of nouns allowed to draw conclusions regarding the phenomenon of mutual mapping of the language structures that build a bilingual clause, and it resulted in indicating further requirements for research.

19

Polish-English Code-Switching in the Language of Polish Facebook Users

63%

Pańka D.

Theory and Practice of Second Language Acquisition

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2021

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vol. 7

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issue 1

99-120

DE

Social Media, wie Facebook, sind wichtige Kommunikationswege sowohl für einsprachige Anwender als auch für Nutzer mit verschiedenen Fremdsprachenkenntnissen (die letzteren übernehmen die Strukturen der Mutter- und Fremdsprache in die Konversation). Im Resultat kann man annehmen, dass die Kommunikation via Facebook eine gewisse Rolle bei der Verwendung von Fremdsprachen spielt. Einen der Aspekte, der in dieser Hinsicht analysiert werden kann, bilden verschiedene Formen von Codeswitching. In Bezug auf das Codeswitching zwischen Polnisch und Englisch, das in diesem sozialen Netzwerk vorkommt, besteht eine wesentliche Forschungslücke. Für einen kompletten Überblick über das dargestellte Problem werden im vorliegenden Artikel an angeführten polnisch-englischen Beispielen bestimmte Typen, Strategien und Funktionen von Codeswitching in Posts und Kommentaren, die von polnischen Facebook-Nutzern in den Jahren 2014–2019 erstellt wurden, identifiziert und erläutert. Darüber hinaus wird im Text auf die Anwendungsmöglichkeiten von Facebook-Tools und Materialien zum Codeswitching bei dem Fremdsprachenlehren und -lernen hingewiesen und der Aspekt des „sozialen Lernens“ (Mallia, 2013) mittels Facebook angesprochen.Die Untersuchung basiert auf einem Korpus, das von der Autorin des vorliegenden Artikels entwickelt wurde. In der Untersuchung wurde eine integrative – d.h. qualitative und quantitative Methode eingesetzt. Im analysierten Material lassen sich drei Haupttypen (satzinterner, satzübergreifender, parenthetischer) und -strategien (Alliteration, Parenthese, entsprechende Umstellung von Lexemen) des Sprachcodeswitching unterscheiden. Das Codeswitching deutet hauptsächlich auf die Zugehörigkeit zur bestimmten Gruppe hin, kann aber auch Humor bzw. ein Zitat in die Aussage einleiten oder das Fehlen von Äquivalenten in der Muttersprache signalisieren. Aus dem Artikel ergibt sich, dass es gewisse Abhängigkeiten zwischen den Typen, Strategien und Funktionen des Codeswitching gibt. Die Resultate der betreffenden Analyse werden mit Ergebnissen der neuesten Untersuchungen über das polnisch- und indonesischenglische Codeswitching auf Facebook zusammengestellt.

EN

Social networking services, such as Facebook, are important channels of communication both for monolingual users and for those having various degrees of proficiency in L2, with the latter deploying expression both from L1 and L2. It can, therefore, be presumed that communication on FB plays a role in practicing the use of L2. One of the phenomena that can be examined in relation to that are various forms of code-switching. There is animmense research gap related to Polish-English code-switching appearing on this SNS. To obtain a full picture of the issue, the paper identifies and discusses types, strategies, and functions of Polish-English code-switches found in posts and comments published by Poles on Facebook in 2014–2019. It also indicates possible applications of FB tools and materials including CS in foreign language teaching and learning and shows how Facebook enables “social learning” (Mallia, 2013). The research is based on a corpus constructed by the author of this article. An integrated approach with both qualitative and quantitative methods of analysis is used in the paper. Three main CS types (intrasentential, intersentential, and tag-switching) and strategies (alternation, insertion, and congruent lexicalisation) have been attested in the material. The code-switches mostly indicate in-group membership but also, for example, introduce humor, quotes, and signal a lack of L1 equivalents. The study points out that there are certain relations between the types, strategies and functions. The resultsof the research are collated with the recent studies on Polish-English and Indonesian-English CS on Facebook.

20

On attitudes towards code-switching among English Philology students

63%

Noińska M., Golubiewski M.

Beyond Philology: An International Journal of Linguistics, Literary Studies and English Language Teaching

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2018

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issue 15/2

59-75

EN

The aim of this paper is to describe and analyse attitudes towards, and reasons for, code-switching among English Philology students. The authors show the evolution in the perception of code-switching by linguists. In the past it was seen as a violation of the linguistic norm, whereas today it is often perceived as an indispensable tool in the process of communication among bi- and multilingual speakers. The attitudes of linguists have been compared with those of students and laypeople. It appears that code-switching may be both a valuable linguistic tool which enlarges one’s linguistic repertoire and a sign of linguistic incompetence, which is reflected in the mixed attitudes towards this phenomenon among English Philology students, who usually present a high level of linguistic awareness.

PL

Celem artykułu jest opis i analiza stosunku studentów filologii angielskiej do przełączania kodu językowego oraz motywacji dla jego użycia. Autorzy przedstawiają ewolucję w postrzeganiu go przez językoznawców: w przeszłości jako rażącego łamania normy językowej, dziś zaś jako często niezastąpionego narzędzia w procesie komunikacji w sytuacji dwu- i wielojęzyczności. Postawy językoznawców porównane zostały z postawami laików oraz studentów. Wydaje się, że przełączanie kodów może być zarówno cennym narzędziem lingwistycznym, które poszerza repertuar językowy, jak i znakiem braku kompetencji, co znajduje odzwierciedlenie w niejednoznacznych postawach wobec tego zjawiska wśród studentów filologii angielskiej, którzy zazwyczaj wykazują wysoką świadomość lingwistyczną.

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