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EN
Foreign language teachers’ training is one of the research domains of the Polish foreign lan-guage didactics as an academic discipline. It is also an area of practice in the perspective of which we have to distinguish scientific knowledge, personal views [germ. subjective theorien], teaching practices in class and academic studies. In the present paper I discuss some results of the meta-analysis of the articles published in the years 1990–2010 in the Polish journal of foreign language didactics – Neofilolog. I aim to analyze the problem of the transference of scientific knowledge and personal views of the authors about foreign language teachers’ training. I concentrate on the importance that Polish scholars attach to scientific theories and to their personal views in their publications and how they understand the theory of foreign language didactics and define their own epistemological stance. Moreover, I analyze the evolution of the topics discussed in foreign language didactics. The present paper is part of a larger meta-research which I am currently carrying out with an aim to design a model of scientific endeavors undertaken by the members of the foreign language didactics community of practices to construe and disseminate scientific theories on the training of foreign language teachers.
EN
The article examines the teaching of the Polish language at the University of Wrocław in the second half of the 19th century, when the Department of Slavic Literatures and Languages was chaired by Władysław Nehring. The author lists and briefly describes language teachers working there at the time (Jan Mikołaj Fritz, Wincenty Kraiński, Rafał Löwenfeld and Rudolf Abicht) as well as the conditions in which they worked. She also presents language textbooks used at the university, pointing to their characteristic features and interesting methodological solutions. The textbooks included J. Popliński’s Grammatik der polnischen Sprache nach Kopczyński, Cassius, Bandtke und Mroziński, several editions of which were published. Two editions were by Władysław Nehring, who incorporated into them more recent developments in 19th-century linguistics. Under Nehring’s leadership the teaching of Polish developed, though it was constantly plagued by staff- and fundingrelated problems.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie projektu edukacyjnego, dzięki któremu wszystkie podręczniki należące do serii Nasz elementarz i Nasza szkoła (przeznaczone do wykorzystania w klasach 1-3 szkoły podstawowej) są w całości tłumaczone na polski język migowy. W latach 2014-2017 powstaną łącznie 23 multimedialne aplikacje komputerowe, które pozwalają odtwarzać pliki wideo zawierające tłumaczenia migowe poprzez kliknięcie na wybrany fragment polskiego tekstu danego podręcznika. Niniejszy artykuł pokazuje, że dwujęzyczne podręczniki stworzone w ramach powyższego projektu adaptacyjnego mogą stanowić ważne wsparcie w nauczaniu polskiego języka migowego jako obcego – nie tylko w wypadku dzieci, lecz także innych zainteresowanych.
EN
Among various writings about the field of glottodidactics as a science, this article asks the question: in what sense is the term ‘science' used in the expression ‘Glottodudactics as a science? The conception outlined here uses such criteria of ‘normal' science as the goals of the discipline, its relationships with the empirical reality and other disciplines, and the kinds and levels of its reasoning operations. The main goal of ‘normal' science is to explain empirical phenomena. In the context of various other conceptions, my moderately optimistic humanistic idea of science regards it as an integral part of culture, its research operations - as a special case of our cognitive processes, and the interaction among the scientists as a special form of verbal communication.
EN
The article presents the results of the pilot study carried out in the group of 25 the PFL teachers directed to work abroad. The considerations and analyzes undertaken in this article were inspired by the reflection of W. Miodunka (2016) on the need to develop pedeutology as a sub-discipline of glottodidactics. The article presents opinions of respondents on the advantages and disadvantages of working abroad (including cooperation with the Ministry of Science and Higher Education) and its impact on the development of professional, social and cultural competences. On the basis of the collected material, conclusions and suggestions regarding the organization of the process of employing and sending PFL teachers abroad were formulated, including a particularly important one that would oblige the Polish state to rationally manage human potential, as the PFL teachers promote the Polish language and culture in the world. The study presented here opens a new research field in the glottodidactic pedeutology.
EN
The article presents the results of the pilot study carried out among the group of 25 teachers of Polish as a foreign language (PFL) who were delegated to work abroad. The considerations and analyzes undertaken in this article were inspired by the reflection of W. Miodunka (2016) on the need to develop pedeutology as a sub-discipline of glottodidactics. The aim of the research was to try to identify the influence of the PFL teacher’s experience of working in a foreign university on their approach to the profession (itself). The author presents the analysis of the reasons for working abroad and expectations connected with it, the methodological and substantive level of preparing the teachers for working abroad as well as the analysis of coping strategies in the new environment and towards new problems to be solved. Based on the analysis of the respondents answers, a sketch of the teacher's profile was drawn up, including, among others, their predispositions and competences as well as the analysis of opportunities and threats related to working in a new environment. The study opens a new research field, including an attempt to answer the question whether working abroad and related personal and professional experience may have an impact on the further development of the PFL teachers.
EN
This article makes an attempt at reflecting on the need to separate an area described as “comparative for-eign language didactics” from among the areas of contemporary foreign language didactics. Its first part outlines the development of European and Polish didactic thought, understood as parallely developing areas of research activity, generating and using free flow of academic ideas. It constitutes an attempt at combining the trends which are part of the implementation of the assumptions of foreign lan-guage didactics by Franciszek Grucza and his successors, and other concepts, including Władysław T. Miodunka’s Polish language didactics. From the international perspective, the first European papers, undertaking conscious reflection on the sense of existence of comparative foreign language didactics, become an important point of reference for our deliberations. Specialists in teaching of foreign languages from France and Germany undertook their development, placing it among other research currents of the contemporary foreign language didactics. The theoretical deliberations and research solutions underscore the sense of development of theoretical and methodological assumptions for comparative foreign language didactics. They become part of the following part of the publication which comprises the original concept of comparative foreign language didactics – understood as the sub-discipline of Polish foreign language didactics.
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Glottodydaktyka

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PL
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EN
The article aims to describe the phenomenon of the so-called „winged words” as they are presented in textbooks used for teaching Polish as a foreign language. In the text we have analyzed 13 textbooks. The purpose of the research was to answer two main questions. Firstly, what functions do the winged words perform in a given resource and what position do they occupy? Secondly, does the reception of an exercise by a student require understanding of a winged word used in the exercise? The winged words used by the textbooks’ authors fall into a few categories. They appear in the books’ titles, chapters’ titles and authentic texts, as well as in exercises: lexical, phraseological and grammatical ones (where they can be used based on their semantics or without focusing on it). Another classification includes cases where the proper understanding of an exercise depends on the prior knowledge of a winged word and those where it is not obligatory.
PL
Skrzydlate słowa należą do zjawisk stosunkowo rzadko pojawiających się w podręcznikach do nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego. W artykule przeanalizowanych zostało 13 podręczników. Celem badania była odpowiedź na dwa pytania. Po pierwsze, w jakiej funkcji i w jakiej pozycji pojawiają się jednostki skrzydlate. Po drugie, czy recepcja tekstu wymaga rozumienia skrzydlatego słowa przez ucznia. Użyte przez autorów opracowań jednostki skrzydlate można przyporządkować do kilku kategorii. Występują w tytułach podręczników, tytułach rozdziałów, tekstach (tytułach/podtytułach oraz tekście właściwym), a także ćwiczeniach: leksykalno-frazeologicznych i gramatycznych (w oderwaniu od semantyki frazemu bądź łączących semantykę z zagadnieniami gramatycznymi). Dodatkowy podział obejmuje przypadki uzależniające właściwą recepcję tekstu/ćwiczenia od rozumienia skrzydlatego słowa oraz takie, w których jego znajomość nie jest konieczna.
EN
The aim of the article is to present the importance of linguistic knowledge (linguistic concepts) in the process of teaching Polish as a foreign language. The awareness of its own identity as a science allows glottodidactics to make a sensible interaction with related areas. Concepts originating from other fields of knowledge, e.g. linguistics and psychology, are the source of stimuli and inspiration; they support glottodidactics. Interdisciplinarity causes the expansion of the research field and is a sign of time in modern science. Both linguistics and glottodidactics have a common subject of research, which is language. The difference concerns the perspective of the analysis being carried out: the definition of the concept and its description and teaching (learning) methods. Glottodidactics approaches the language from multiple angles. Language is a system, a tool of communication, a source of culture and knowledge about the world. Therefore, it is impossible to underestimate the importance of linguistic theories in the methodology of teaching foreign languages.
PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie znaczenia wiedzy językoznawczej (koncepcji językoznawczych) w procesie nauczania języka polskiego jako obcego. Świadomość własnej tożsamości jako nauki pozwala glottodydaktyce na sensowną interakcję z obszarami pokrewnymi. Koncepcje pochodzące z innych dziedzin wiedzy, np. językoznawstwa, psychologii, są źródłem bodźców i inspiracji, wspomagają glottodydaktykę. Interdyscyplinarność bowiem powoduje rozszerzanie pola badawczego i stanowi znak czasu we współczesnej nauce. Zarówno lingwistyka, jak i glottodydaktyka posiadają wspólny przedmiot badań, jakim jest język, różnica dotyczy perspektywy oglądu prowadzonych analiz: zdefiniowania pojęcia i jego opisu oraz sposobów nauczania (uczenia się). Glottodydaktyk podchodzi do języka wieloaspektowo. Język bowiem to system, narzędzie komunikacji, źródło kultury i wiedzy o świecie. Zatem nie sposób nie zauważać i nie doceniać znaczenia teorii językoznawczych w metodyce nauczania języków obcych.
EN
In the field of education, the process of implementing information technology has begun. New technologies diversify the didactic process and increase the motivation of students. They also carry certain risks. The article presentsd selected possibilities of using new media in teaching foreign languages, mainly Polish as foreign language.
PL
W dziedzinie edukacji rozpoczął się proces implementacji technologii informacyjnej. Nowe technologie urozmaicają proces dydaktyczny i podnoszą motywację osób uczących się. Niosą też ze sobą pewne zagrożenia. Artykuł omawia możliwości zastosowania nowych mediów w nauczaniu języka polskiego jako obcego.
EN
The concept of language competence has evolved over the decades from linguistic competence (Noam Chomsky) via communicative competence (Dell Hymes) to intercultural communicative competence (Michael Byram). The process of communication has attracted attention of numerous researchers from different disciplines: linguistics and applied linguistics, language education, ethnography and cross-cultural communication. The popular communicative-language-teaching (CLT) approach has been recently criticised for the concept of the language competence it is based on. Some international researchers point to a too narrow native-speaker-based idea of the competence which does not guarantee success in the cross-cultural encounters. Researchers observe the tendency to develop communication survival skills. Teaching materials which for many language teachers are the main source of target culture are usually concerned with what is referred to as objective culture. In the article we discuss different concepts of language competence which needs to be extended to an intercultural communicative competence (ICC), if interlocutors originating from different cultures are to achieve their communication goal in the process of cross-cultural communication. Some selected studies attempting to evaluate ICC of language teachers are referred to. On the basis of the studies one may conclude that our knowledge on the levels of ICC in foreign language teachers in Poland and abroad is still unsatisfactory. Teaching materials are not always helpful in this respect either.
EN
Polish as a foreign language for Deaf students (Pl. Język polski jako obcy dla Głuchych, JPJODG) is a branch of teaching Polish as a foreign Language that has been developed in Poland for almost a decade now. The year, which is regarded to as the beginning of it, is 2009, due to the fact that at that time the first course in Polish as a foreign language for Deaf students was organised at the School of Polish Language and Culture for Foreigners University of Wroclaw (SJPiK UWr). The result of this course was a PhD thesis by Justyna Kowal, which presents the possibilities of using methods of teaching foreign languages to teach Polish to deaf students (Blacksmith, 2011). Since then, the scholars and doctoral students of the University of Wroclaw have formed an informal scientific and didactic group which deals with these issues, organizes further courses, and presents scientific articles which are related to practical and theoretical aspects of teaching JPJODG
PL
W artykule starano się pokazać, w jaki sposób teksty zaczerpnięte z prasy kobiecej mogą posłużyć celom dydaktycznym. Przeprowadzona fragmentaryczna analiza podręczników pokazała, że autorzy bardzo rzadko sięgają po teksty z tego rodzaju czasopism. Do ukazania przykładowych ćwiczeń wykorzystano „Claudię” (poziomy B1, B2) i „Panią” (poziomy C1, C2). Różnorodna tematyka i obecność tekstów poruszających tematy kontrowersyjne sprawiają, że omawiane tytuły są ciekawym materiałem i pomocą w rozwijaniu kompetencji językowej słuchaczy obu płci.
EN
This article aims to show how the texts taken from the women’s press can serve educational purposes. A fragmentary analysis of textbooks has shown that the authors very rarely refer to texts from this kind of magazines. In the article, magazines such as “Claudia” (levels B1, B2) and “Pani” (levels C1, C2) were used to show exemplary exercises. A variety of topics and the presence of texts that bring up controversial issues cause these titles to be an interesting material and assistance in developing the linguistic competence in students of both sexes.
PL
Autorka, korzystając z opracowań glottodydaktycznych, stara się wypracować nowe podstawy klasyfikacji metod kształcenia języka ojczystego. Sięga w tym celu do teorii stworzonej przez J.C. Richardsa i T. Rodgersa i wskazuje na oparcie metody na podejściu teoretycznym (teorii języka i teorii kształcenia języka), jej realizację za pomocą planowania kształcenia języka oraz procedur i technik. Na przykładzie dwóch metod ukazuje, jak istotne dla klasyfikacji i mylące dla praktyki jest zapominanie o komponencie teoretycznym metody.
PL
Od kilku lat w środowisku glottodydaktycznym toczy się dyskusja na temat braku odpowiednich pozycji książkowych stanowiących pełne kompendium wiedzy o dwujęzyczności. W związku z nasilającymi się zjawiskami migracyjnymi, rodzi się pytanie: czy można przygotować się do wychowania dziecka dwukulturowego? Celem przedstawionego artykułu jest analiza bilingwizmu w ogóle, a w środowisku polsko-ukraińskim, w szczególności. Zaprezentowane studia przypadków przyczynią się do ponownego spojrzenia na cel dwujęzyczności, strategie wychowawcze, a także, a może przede wszystkim na poszukiwanie własnej tożsamości w zglobalizowanym świecie.
EN
The article deals with the implications of the linguistic study of bilingualism and bilingual education for second language teaching in early educational stages: in pre-school children and primary school children. In the first part, the question is raised which age is optimal for the beginning of language learning. The second part touches upon didactic and methodological problems of language teaching in early educational stages. Early English learning materials are analyzed and compared with Polish integrated learning materi-als. The analysis results in some conclusions for the didactic process. In accordance with the theoretical issues some principles for the shaping of didactic materials, teaching forms and activities, adequate tasks and contents of a language lesson are described.
PL
W praktyce glottodydaktycznej nastąpił przełom, wynikający ze zmiany podejścia do nauczania słownictwa. W dominujacym obecnie podejściu komunikacyjnym zwrócono uwagę na konieczność nie tyle systematycznego, jak dotychczas, ile systemowego nauczania słownictwa, nadając mu nieco większą rangę. W tej sytuacji w refleksji glottodydaktycznej nabierają wagi słowniki oraz poświęcone im prace analityczne. Dotychczasowa literatura przedmiotu obejmuje słowniki ogólne i glottodydaktyczne (dydaktyczne, pedagogiczne) oraz omówienie ich cech i sposobów wykorzystania w procesie dydaktycznym. Celem niniejszego artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na złożoność i ważność problemu, jakim jest tzw. słownik załącznikowy. Na potrzeby artykułu utworzono termin załącznikowy słownik glottodydaktyczny, przez który rozumie się słownik umieszczony na końcu podręcznika do nauki języka obcego. W założeniu teoretycznym na słownik załącznikowy składają się słowniki umieszczone w poszczególnych jednostkach dydaktycznych danego podręcznika. Zawartość słownika załącznikowego powinna zatem odzwierciedlać zawartość poszczególnych słowników lekcyjnych. Za podstawę analiz wybrano podręcznik Kamili Dembińskiej i Agnieszki Małyski Start 1 Survival Polish. Podręcznik do nauki języka polskiego na poziomie A0.
EN
In the glottodidactic practice there was a breakthrough resulting from a change in the approach to teaching vocabulary. In the currently prevailing communication approach, attention is paid to the necessity of system, rather than systematic, teaching vocabulary, giving it a slightly higher rank. In this situation, glossodidactic reflection takes on the importance of dictionaries and analytical work devoted to them. Previous literature on the subject includes general and glottodidactic dictionaries (didactic and pedagogical) as well as discussion of their features and methods of use in the didactic process. The purpose of this article is to draw attention to the complexity and importance of the problem, which is so called the attachment dictionary. For the purpose of the article, the term attachment glottodidactic dictionary is formulated, which is understood as a dictionary placed at the end of the handbook for learning a foreign language. In the theoretical assumption, an attachment dictionary consists of dictionaries placed in individual didactic units of a given handbook. The contents of the attachment dictionary should therefore reflect the contents of the individual dictionaries. The handbook by Kamila Dembińska and Agnieszka Małyska Start 1 Survival Polish. Podręcznik do nauki języka polskiego na poziomie A0 [A guide to learning Polish at A0 level] was chosen as the basis for the analysis.
EN
The article focuses on the analysis of the errors made by the students of Polish from community schools based in the USA collected during the workshop preparing them for the certification examination in Polish as a foreign language. The comparison of the recurring errors allows some insight into the language used by young representatives of the Polish community in the USA. It may also serve as an aid in the didactic process since the errors point to those aspects which need to be given due attention during the preparation for such an examination.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest analiza błędów popełnionych przez uczniów polonijnych szkół amerykańskich podczas warsztatów przygotowujących do egzaminu certyfikatowego z języka polskiego jako obcego. Zestawienie powtarzających się uchybień pozwala ukazać specyfikę języka przedstawicieli młodej Polonii amerykańskiej i może też posłużyć jako pomoc w procesie glottodydaktycznym, gdyż błędy pokazują, na co warto położyć nacisk podczas przygotowań do takiego egzaminu.
EN
The article presents the category of aspect in Polish and French. The first part is theoretical, the second is comparative, consisting of selected sentences in French and their Polish equivalents. The author analyzes the text of The Little Prince by Antoine de Saint-Exupéry and its two translations – by Jan Szwykowski and Zofia Barchanowska. The author analyzes the infinitives, indicative and imperative sentences in the past and future. The Polish language uses derived forms of two different verbal lexemes in order to build the aspectual opposition which can be formed at the level of one tense. The author agrees with Jan Tokarski that the Polish verb is composed of three parts – theme, suffix and ending. All Polish verbs have one combination of endings. The French ones are made of two parts – theme and ending. The French language uses only one verbal lexeme to build aspectual opposition. The relevant ending is added to theme of the French verb and in this way the lexeme is ”entered” in the appropriate tense. French users need to refer to another tense to show the aspectual opposition.
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