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EN
The paper is an attempt to interpret the work of Krystyna Miłobędzka, one of the most celebrated contemporary Polish poets, in terms suggested by the ideas of the community of readers as well as the institution of the poetry reading understood as a phenomenological/communal event. The analysis is informed by the recently published volume znikam jestem [I disappear I exist], a record of four poetry readings given by Miłobędzka between 2000 and 2010.
EN
This review of Tomasz Szymon Markiewka’s book, entitled Interpretation Argument in Literary Studies. Analysis of Selected Theoretical Conceptions of 20th Century, focuses on reconstruction of its main theses, as well as on evaluate their methodological aspects. The first part deals with theoretical issues, mainly of terminological decisions and relation between the literature studies and philosophy. Next, article assesses the pros and cons of the main part of the book, which contains analysis of five selected theorists’ ideas of interpretation. The final part of the review raises the issue of the method of interpretation literary texts.
EN
The article aims to initiate a discussion on reading and interpreting poetic works by Czesław Miłosz. Discussing an example of City Without a Name the author of the article presents the deficiences of so far dominant interpretations. He also presents the specific reception of poet’s works among literary critics.
PL
Did Everybody in Gniezno Ice-Skate? Ice Skates from the Settlement Targowisko in Gniezno – on the Means of Their Use in the Middle Ages and Not Only When writing the present article, the question was posed how common the use of ice skates had been in the period of the Middle Ages, confirmed in the literature on the subject by numerous references and information.It has been assumed that the issue is very complex. On the one hand, ice-skating was treated cursorily – any object made of bone whose shape resembled a “boat” must have been an ice-skate – on the other hand, the common use of skates found no confirmation in interdisciplinary studies. Meanwhile, our micro- and macroscopic analyses of the finds originating from the settlement in Gniezno called Targowisko, supported in full the conjecture that, in very wet places, surrounded by water, “ice-skating”, both as a means of transportation and as a form of recreation (!) was a part of everyday life. Moreover, a definite scheme of research has been developed which can be applied to all artefacts designated as ice skates; in all periods of history. Simultaneously, during our research, there arose many new questions which shall be answered, we hope, as a result of further analyses and related considerations. They are very intriguing questions as they concern man.
Porównania
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2018
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vol. 22
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issue 1
303-314
EN
The given study focuses on fundamental thematic transformation patterns of human protagonists in the fictive world of ancient narratives (fairy tales, myths, eposes, legends, etc.) from many world cultures (from Europe, Asia, America, Africa, Australia). Our aim will be to find out in what narrative situations and sujet-motif constellations a heroic transformation becomes a punishment.The intent of the proposed research is not only to contribute to the basic typological classification of the transformations of the characters in the investigated magic narratives, but also to conceptually affect the archetypal meaning of the essential transformation for punishment.
SK
Artykuł poświęcony został fundamentalnym tematycznym wzorcom transformacji ludzkich bohaterów w starożytnych narracjach (baśniach, mitach, eposach, legendach itp.) pochodzących z wielu kultur świata (z Europy, Azji, Ameryki, Afryki, Australii). Celem tekstu jest zbadanie, w jakich sytuacjach narracyjnych i sjużetowo-motywicznych strukturach występuje transformacja bohatera stanowiąca dla niego karę. Intencją proponowanych badań jest nie tylko wniesienie wkładu w podstawową typologiczną klasyfikację transformacji postaci w badanych narracjach, ale również ujęcie archetypowych znaczeń zjawiska.
EN
Formal logic and critical thinking are complementary tools in research of literary texts. Critical thinking is especially useful in the case of works which are antinomic in character as they are based on disputable ironic meeting points. Ignacy Krasicki’s satires are such type of text. A special difficulty is posed by the interpretation of Journey of a Warmian bishop, as the work read separately and with the use of particular contexts assumes ambiguous meanings. The application of the methodology of critical thinking, which is based on multisided approach to text, leads to the conclusion that primary law of classical logic, the law of excluded middle, does not apply. Journey is a dialogic work, even though ideological reasons for and against foreign travels are not equal.
7
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Lincoln’s Deadly Hermeneutics

93%
Teoria Polityki
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2020
|
vol. 4
197-215
EN
My aim here is to extend and further explore the deeper meaning of a phrase I coined some years ago: “deadly hermeneutics” (Ball, 1987):2 roughly, the idea that hermeneutics – the art of textual interpretation – can be, and often is, a deadly business, inasmuch as peoples’ lives, liberties and well-being hang in the balance. I plan to proceed as follows. By way of introduction and illustration I first consider very briefly three modern examples of deadly hermeneutics. I then go on to provide a brief account of the hermeneutical-political situation in which Abraham Lincoln found himself in the 1850s in the run-up to the Civil War and subsequently during the war itself. This requires that I sketch an overview of the Southern case for secession and, more particularly, their interpretation of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution to legitimize that radical move. I then attempt to show how Lincoln invoked and used a counter-interpretation of the Declaration in his speeches on the Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854), the Dred Scott decision (1857), and his debates with Senator Stephen A. Douglas (1858). I next look at President Lincoln’s interpretation of the Constitution in the Emancipation Proclamation (1863), his suspension of Habeas Corpus and, finally, his finest, briefest – and at the time highly controversial – Gettysburg Address.
PL
The paper focuses on the connection between reading and interpretation crisis and the way of teaching literature at Slovak schools. It concentrates on the Slovak Gymnasiums and aims at pointing out the opportunities for improvement of the obligatory pedagogical documentation at the schools. In addition, it puts empha-sis on the importance of evaluating and interpreting texts which, actually, are frequently neglected because of an inadequate and outdated stress put at memo-rizing and reproduction of encyclopedic information. Consequently, from this broader perspective, it deals with the issue of teaching contemporary Slovak poetry at Gymnasiums and analyzes the possibilities and advantages of its presenta-tion to the students.
XX
The article turns to Judith Butler’s writings on abjection to elucidate the Christian subjectivity that emerges from the Old English poetic life of Guthlac of Crowland, known as Guthlac A. The abject is defi ned as the other within the subject who is in the process of conversion from secular values and the Germanic past. Guthlac’s conversion from his secular and ancestral values informs a notion of masculinity nascent in his subjectivity, masculinity that results from the abjection of ancestral secular identity by transposing it onto the demonic other, the destruction of which transforms and sanitizes ancestral landscape.
The Biblical Annals
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1999
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vol. 46
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issue 1
5-19
PL
Der Verfasser fragt nach der Stelle und Funktion des Heiligen Geistes im hermeneutischen Verfahren − vom biblischen Text her bis zu seiner Deutung und seiner Interpretation. Zuerst werden manche der von den evangelischen Theologen veröffentlichten Beiträge besprochen (Z. H. Klooster, R. B. Zuck, C. H. Pinnock) und ebenfalls katholischer Standpunkt dargestellt (I. de la Potterie), und danach theologische und biblische Prämissen genannt, die den Heiligen Geist im Leben der Kirche postieren, darunter Wechselbeziehung Heiliger Geist − die Bibel und Leitgedanken der biblischen Pneumatologie. Im vierten Teil wird es versucht im Licht der biblischen Texte eine Antwort auf die Frage zu geben: der Heilige Geist gibt den Mitgliedern der Kirche verschiedene Gaben und Fäkigkeiten (1 Kor 12, 6-8) und befähigt alle dem Leib Christi zu dienen. In dem ekklesiologischen Kontext soll man gerade exegetische Arbeit sehen: dazu sind vorgegebene Begabung und persönliche Befähigungen der Exegeten gefragt, ebenfalls aber der Glaube und geistiges Leben; gleichbedeutend bleibt Beistand des Heiligen Geistes, der den Menschen unterstützt und ihm zur Seite steht.
EN
The experience a work of art may rise different reactions, especially in the sphere of postmodern artistic practice. The art not only delights, but often provokes, offends and causes scandals. That aspect of the process of experience the art is a fundamental problem of the article’s discussion. These contemplations are not delimited to works of the modern art, however it also applies to the traditional art, after all it is easy to notice that the scandal is not only associated with what is contemporary. The analysis of the problem also shows the variation of these issues and emphasizes that the experience of offence is the result of the interplay of many factors, including the practice of interpretation and contextual determinants. In other words, not only the content and form of artistic communication, but also the contextual background co-decide about work’s cultural identity and its possible realisations and, what is more, co-define the way of art’s existence for the recipient. As a result, the experience of scandal seems not to be only a feature of a product or project, but it emerges as an interpretive concretization of its presence in the area of cultural reality.
EN
In his reflection on watching instead of interpreting as a way of getting to know a film, the author wishes to focus on two issues: (i) one related to the sensuous experience of the cinema, the pleasure of the act of watching itself (in accordance with the formula “seeing as only seeing”), and supported by the long tradition of the aesthetic thought (Baumgarten, Dewey, Shusterman, Gadamer, Merleau-Ponty), and (ii) one connected with film thinking – inspired by the thesis of Rudolf Arnheim: “The visual perception is visual thinking”. Thus, the concept of watching instead of interpreting raises the status of the pre-intellectual and sensuous way of receiving a film work, which does not act against the interpretation (as Susan Sontag claimed), but constitutes its alternative or complementary version.
13
93%
Filoteknos
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2020
|
issue 10
103-110
EN
The article discusses the contemporary status of reading in the context of theory and practice of reading. Understanding the concept of reading is between being (a textual object) and being (reading subject). The internal dynamics of this category is due to the interpretation of different or even conflicting content and quality that it describes. We call the “reading” the affective-intellectual activity of the reading individual; cultural practice contained in reading but not identical with it; saved text as an object that exists regardless of its receipt; and finally a list of texts that must be known by an educational institution, social or environmental group.
EN
This article deals with the interpretation of Security Council powers under the UN Charter, and analyses available interpretive options. The various approaches, inspired by the textual, teleological, “subsequent practice”, and “systemic” methods of interpretation, as well as the complementary means of interpretation supplied by the preparatory works of San Francisco Conference, are successively considered and their relative advantages and shortcomings comparatively assessed. The article argues that recourse to one or the other from among the available interpretive methods can be influenced in individual cases by political and judicial contingencies, and that as a whole the interpretation of Security Council powers under the Charter is an evolving process, the variations of which may depend on the changing needs of collective security and of the international legal order at large.
RU
The entire body of the literary works by Fyodor Dostoevsky has been viewed from the point of view of the ontology of a child. The detailed analysis of this phenomenon gives the possibility to understand its nature, quintessence, specificity of the literary embodiment. It is the question of the actualization of the principles of the research experience. The supposed simplicity of the notion “a child” can be revealed in the ontological issue of “parents and children”, that brings to the symbolic definition of the phenomenon through the Biblical paradigm of the “grain”.
RU
The conceptual bases of the central fictional images-concepts and their associative potentialare revealed in the article on the comparative basis. Special attention is paid to the specificsof the associative and semantic zones of the concepts. The associative sphere is formedand analyzed on the basis of the data received from the associative experiment, conductedin the group of Master program students-linguists of the Department of Slavistics in theUniversity of Latvia. The experiment revealed broad specter of individual associations,personal meanings, which accompany the central images-concepts and their semanticsimilarities and differences.
EN
For over five decades, the modern concept of sustainability has evolved along with its implication in almost all spheres, including the engagement of businesses via their Corporate Social Responsibility. The EU has joined international UN endeavors and attempts to progress towards the 17 Sustainable Development Goals (“SDGs”). The EU regime for CSR and CSR reporting is a mixture of hard-law, soft-law and policy measures and has predominantly facultative features. Nevertheless, its backbone is Directive 2013/34/EU, especially Art.19a with a rather general wording about which the case law of the Court of Justice of the EU (“CJ EU”) has not yet developed. The organic shaping of the understanding and application of the CSR reporting has been impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic and related crises translated in EU law measures. Arguably, the COVID-19 pandemic is an unprecedented stress test which has brought new light in the interpretation of the scope of CSR to be reported, perhaps it even takes it into a new dimension.
Historia@Teoria
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2017
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vol. 1
|
issue 3
151-157
EN
From time to time we ask ourselves about the status of our discipline. Th e answers to the questions regarding the methodology of history, the epistemology of history, the theory of history depend on the theoretical presuppositions of the researcher. Th e expectation that there is a single paradigm of research in the history of historiography requires the recognition and consent that there is one single mode of refl ecting on history. In this article, I argue that the history of historiography can be understood as history of historical thinking in all its contexts.
PL
Sześć prawd wiary, którymi posługujemy się w naszej tradycji katechetycznej, zasługuje na pogłębioną analizę zarówno jeśli chodzi o ich genezę, jak i o ich treść. Artykuł w pierwszej części stanowi uzupełnienie artykułu Zbigniewa Kubackiego TJ odnośnie do ich genezy („Studia Bobolanum” 30 [2019] 4, s. 5–33), natomiast w drugiej części wskazuje na odnowioną potrzebę ich rozumienia, biorąc pod uwagę postulaty współczesnej teologii. Okazuje się, że w takiej perspektywie sześć prawd wiary zachowuje wartość jako krótka formuła wiary, choć można by dokonać w nich pewnych uzupełnień.
EN
The six truths of faith, to which we refer in our catechetical tradition, deserves deeper analysis when it comes to both its origins and content. This article in its first part constitutes a supplementation of the article of Zbigniew Kubacki SJ dealing with the origins of the six truths of faith (“Studia Bobolanum” 30[2019] no. 4, 5–33),whereas second part points out the renewed need for the understanding of the truths taking into consideration the requirements of contemporary theology. It turns out that in such a perspective the six truths of faith preservesits value as a short formula of faith although certain supplementation could yet be made.
EN
In different European cultures a word „devil” implies universal association with a conceptof evil, sin and punishment. In my essay it is a metaphor of modern subject division. Thedevil in the form of alcohol steals consciousness from a person, a fight with evil ends infailure. The most prominent example of „alcohol prose” in Russian literature is VenedictYerofeyev’s book Moscow-Petushki. For the first time it was available in Poland in 1976thanks to “emigrant translation” (no censorship), then reprinted as an allegory of Soviet totalitarianism.Nowadays it requires new interpretation, therefore I choose new contexts andexamples: a poem by Jerzy Liebert, pieces of prose by Malcolm Lowry (Under the Volcano),Marek Hłasko (Loop) and other Polish newest literary works. Analysing Russian narrativepoem I pay attention to the problem of individual freedom in a desacralized world, wherethere are no moral values. I show a route of life-peregrination as a vicious circle that may bebroken only by death. Character created by Yerofeyev is a person, who gave his “soul” (i.e.his identity) to the “devil”, but he did not made any choice, because he had been predestinedto existence without consciousness.
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