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EN
The article presents reflexivity as an important attribute of pedagogical research. Introduction contains a brief historical outline of the tradition of social and humanistic research (from the positivist paradigm to the relativization, from a single paradigm to multiplicity of paradigms). Nowadays a pluri-paradigmatic approach became more popular amongst in methodology and is equated with the maturity of discipline. The main part of the article presents the most important assumptions of reflective studies. The first premise concerns cognition, which will never be completely certain and objective. Researcher could remain impartial. Knowledge is socially and personally involved. The most common feature in contemporary world descriptions is changeability. No research – and especially reflexive – can/should be planned or carried out without knowing the theory of the research subject. There are no isolated phenomena in the socio-cultural reality surrounding humanity. Reflexive studies recognize the relationship between the subjective perspective of the subject and the objective structure that creates the living space of the subjects studied. The reflexive stream of study does not have to lead to the creation of new theory.
PL
Kasprzak Tomasz, Analysis of discourse on education and rehabilitation of people with disabilities coupled in the Czech Republic. Culture – Society – Education no 2(16) 2019, Poznań 2019, pp. 225–234, Adam Mickiewicz University Press. ISSN 2300-0422. DOI 10.14746/kse.2019.16.14. At the core of the Czech education system and rehabilitation for people with multiple disabilities to the assumption that this is a group that requires a specialized approach to this issue. The main purpose of the text is to present the organization of education of people with multiple disability in the Czech Republic. Education and rehabilitation with the participation of people with multiple disabilities encourages to undertake research related to the dynamics of changes as well as their size. This work is an attempt to show how various factors have shaped the current form of education of people with multiple disability in the Czech Republic.
EN
Aim: to present the American concept of the development of pedagogy as a scientific discipline, with particular emphasis on the postulates and arguments of those whose operation and activities shaped the direction of the discussed processes. Methods: a content analysis presenting the visions and directions of the development of pedagogy as an academic discipline proposed by the creators of the scientific foundations of pedagogy. Results: the reconstruction of the perception of pedagogy as a field of scientific research and the postulated priorities, with particular emphasis on the cultural and social context for the undertaken research, which not only became its background, but largely determined its direction and course. Conclusions: In the United States, pedagogy as a field of scientific research was perceived mainly as a basis for searching for specific solutions aimed at improving the quality and effectiveness of the American education system, hence the need for education reforms in line with the trends typical of that period was prioritized. In this spirit, the quantitative research ordered and commissioned by the local and federal educational administration was conducted on the basis of questionnaires and tests with the aim to collect as much information and data as possible. The perspective of supporters of an interdisciplinary approach to pedagogical research, such as John Dewey, focused not so much on the measurable improvement of the quality of education, but above all on what the improvement of the education system is to serve in the individual and social perspective: on developing individuals and building a harmoniously functioning society. Among the researchers representing the faculties of education at American universities, quantitative research was becoming increasingly more popular and gained more supporters, which in turn, led to their gradual isolation, not only in the community of scientists representing social sciences, but also in relations with those who were to apply their scientific achievements in their daily work, i.e. teachers and education administration.
EN
The study presents research showing the possibilities of making the mother tongue/native language available to children whose parents do not know Polish or have minimal knowledge of it. The research was conducted on the basis of the dynamics of development of the Polish School in Portland in the years 2011-2013. Using questionnaires, a survey, community interview, and questions in an interview, comprehensive information was collected from parents, students and teachers. The information concerned, among others, the following issues: the demographic outline and cultural affiliation of parents, the level of knowledge of the Polish language by parents, as well as parents’, teachers’ and students’ beliefs about maintaining the Polish language. On the basis of the results and conclusions from the research, the author tries to indicate ways to improve the educational situation of Polonia children.
EN
This paper presents the pedagogical significance of John Amos Comenius and how his pedagogical ideas influenced the development of pedagogical research. By analyzing Comenius' ideas, we have shown their connection with the development of pedagogical research. Mankind still does not find more original ideas than his, but returns to his opus and finds more and more new knowledge in it, which builds on the existing educational theory and practice. The aim of this paper is to identify which of Comenius’ pedagogical ideas contributed to the development of pedagogical research and thus the Methodology of Pedagogy as a scientific discipline. Primarily, we want to place Comenius' philosophical and pedagogical views in the context of their importance for the development of pedagogical research. The tasks are formulated as follows: 1. Analysis of the pedagogical significance of John Amos Comenius, 2. Analysis of the historical development of pedagogical research in Serbia. 3. Pointing out the connection between the principles founded by John Amos Comenius and the development of pedagogical research. The method of theoretical and historical analysis with the technique of content analysis of historical and pedagogical sources and documents was used. After presenting Comenius’ pedagogical ideas, the paper presents the development of pedagogical research in Serbia and the principles of Co-menius in which we found the basis for the development of pedagogical research.
EN
This paper presents the pedagogical significance of John Amos Comenius and how his pedagogical ideas influenced the development of pedagogical research. By analyzing Comenius' ideas, we have shown their connection with the development of pedagogical research. Mankind still does not find more original ideas than his, but returns to his opus and finds more and more new knowledge in it, which builds on the existing educational theory and practice. The aim of this paper is to identify which of Comenius’ pedagogical ideas contributed to the development of pedagogical research and thus the Methodology of Pedagogy as a scientific discipline. Primarily, we want to place Comenius' philosophical and pedagogical views in the context of their importance for the development of pedagogical research. The tasks are formulated as follows: 1. Analysis of the pedagogical significance of John Amos Comenius, 2. Analysis of the historical development of pedagogical research in Serbia. 3. Pointing out the connection between the principles founded by John Amos Comenius and the development of pedagogical research. The meth-od of theoretical and historical analysis with the technique of content analysis of historical and pedagogical sources and documents was used. After presenting Comenius’ pedagogical ideas, the paper presents the development of pedagogical research in Serbia and the principles of Comenius in which we found the basis for the development of pedagogical research.
EN
In submitted contribution there are analysed the ways of organizing and functioning of district and regional pedagogical groups in the period between years 1947 – 1950. The intention of that groups was the centralisation of pedagogical research; performed not only by experts, but mainly by teachers from various schools, too. These organisations had been functioned as part of the newborn State Pedagogical Institute in Bratislava. Teachers from praxis, by their daily connection with teaching practice, were able to search and study existing pedagogical problems. Professionals from State Pedagogical Institute received materials – results from local researches – and evaluated and prepared them to final form for publishing. Duty of the groups was to inform the center in Bratislava about all implemented activities. Their activities also included professional lectures on pedagogy – by this way was the partial development of pedagogical theory garanted. On the other side, all the activities of district and regional pedagogical groups were strongly deformed by ideological pressure.
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EN
This article was created to meet growing student demand regarding the guidelines needed to build a research tool. The following article not only shows the research process but also remind the principles for the conduct of research. The theoretical part describes only those types of ordinal scales on the basis of which an attempt has been made to create a research tool. The aim of the research is to analyse the diagnostic utility (validity) of three tools for measuring involvement. Students were asked to assess the degree of lecturer involvement. It was justified because the students are persons participating in the education process and experiencing the involvement of the lecturer concerning the way of students' education. The involvement is built on interpersonal relationships. These interpersonal relationships form a specified type of involvement ties which became the subject of analyses in the research. The research problem constitutes the question: Which of the tested tools is the most effective for conducting the research procedure concerning involvement? The answer to this question was given in the conclusion of the article. One of the tools turned out to be the most pertinent but also the best for carrying out various types of statistical analyses. It was a tool that measured the intensity of the involvement degree in percentage-wise.
PL
Artykuł powstał w odpowiedzi na zapotrzebowanie studentów dotyczące praktycznych wskazówek przy konstruowaniu narzędzia badawczego. Raport nie tylko ukazuje proces badawczy, ale także przypomina poznawczo i dydaktycznie zasady postępowania metodologicznego. W części teoretycznej opisano tylko te rodzaje skal porządkowych, na podstawie których podjęto próbę tworzenia trzech instrumentów badawczych, służących do oceny stopnia zaangażowania nauczyciela akademickiego. Oceny tej dokonywali studenci jako osoby uczestniczące, a przede wszystkim doświadczające zaangażowania wykładowcy w sposób ich kształcenia. W procesie dydaktycznym powstające relacje są odpowiednikiem interakcji interpersonalnych, wytwarzających określoną więź, powstającą na skutek zaangażowania. Więź ta stała się przedmiotem analiz w niniejszych badaniach. Celem badań jest analiza użyteczności diagnostycznej trzech narzędzi do pomiaru więzi zaangażowania. Problemem badawczym jest kwestia: Które z testowanych narzędzi jest najbardziej skuteczne do przeprowadzenia procedury badawczej dotyczącej zaangażowania? Odpowiedź na to pytanie została udzielona w konkluzji artykułu. Jedno z trzech narzędzi, a mianowicie to, które mierzyło natężenie stopnia zaangażowania na skali procentowej, okazało się najbardziej trafne, ale też najlepsze do przeprowadzania różnego rodzaju analiz statystycznych.
EN
Digital image recording is becoming commonplace in modern life. This article describes current pedagogical research aimed at the use of visual recordings obtained using the digital technology CCD (Carge Coupled Device) for technical instruction at junior schools. The author begins by presupposing that visual recordings will range into a format that, when used during instruction, will operate on student receptivity in a new way and influence the effectiveness of technical teaching.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono wyniki badań z zakresu efektywności wykorzystywania elektro-nicznego systemu zarządzania szkołą, które zrealizowane zostały w ramach pracy magisterskiej. Głównym celem badawczym było określenie zmian, jakie zachodzą pod wpływem wykorzystywa-nia dzienników elektronicznych w szkolnictwie.
EN
The article presents results of research on the effectiveness of the use of an electronic system of school management that were implemented as part of thesis. The main objective of the research was to determine the changes occurring under the influence of the use of electronic class register in education.
PL
Artykuł ukazuje realizację informatycznego systemu zarządzania szkołą. Wspomniany system powstał na podstawie szczegółowej i wielowymiarowej analizy wyników badań pedagogicznych z zakresu efektywności wykorzystywania e-dzienników w szkołach podstawowych oraz gimnazjach. Powstałe oprogramowanie cechuje duża łatwość obsługi i intuicyjność, w związku z czym mogłoby być ono wprowadzone do obecnych systemów szkolnych.
EN
The article presents the implementation of the management system of the school. This system was based on a detailed and multidimensional analysis of the results of educational research in the field of efficiency of use of e-journals in primary and secondary schools. The resulting software is characterized by high ease of use and intuitive, and it could be introduced into the current school systems.
EN
This voice is a reaction to Magdalena Archacka’s text, which is not so much the review of my book, but the defence of “the only correct” interpretation of Michel Foucault’s works. By the means of repeatings everal facts, which, in my opinion, are important, but unnoticed by the reviewer, the text presented hereby is an attempt to encourage the Reader to adopt different lines of receiving the French philosopher’s works, outside the dispute of who understands the Foucauldian gouvernementalité better.
PL
Niniejszy głos jest reakcją na tekst Magdaleny Archackiej, który okazuje się nie tyle recenzją mojej książki, ile wyrazem obrony istnienia „jedynie słusznej” interpretacji prac Michela Foucaulta. Tekst tu przedstawiony, poprzez powtórzenie kilku ważnych w mojej ocenie faktów a niedostrzeżonych przez Recenzentkę, jest próbą zachęcenia Czytelnika do przyjęcia innych linii recepcji pism francuskiego filozofa, sytuujących się poza sporem o to, kto najlepiej rozumie Foucaultowskie urządzanie (gouvernementalité).
EN
In the article the question of the relative technological mechanism of the research culture of the future music master, that comes forward as an invariant core, presents a research tool, a technology of scientific cognition, is considered in the article, that is determined by existent scientific style of pedagogical society, formed professional-pedagogical culture of a future teacher, researcher, musician and combined with the emotionally-vivid and artistic understanding of musical art. The comprehension of cultural, psychological, pedagogical and study of art sources on the issue of research made it possible to define research culture of the future music master as a dynamic, integrated quality of a personality that appears in a capacity for analytical, inductive-deductive intellection and emotionally vivid understanding of musical art, embodiment of a scientific-artistic, aesthetic, musical, pedagogical ideal in the research, application of scientific (pedagogical and study of art) knowledge in pedagogical activity as well as theoretical (explanatory) and structurally-technological (converting) function. In accordance with logic of our reasoning on the basis of cultural approach technological, personality and creative components of axiology of research culture of the future music masters are outlined. Activity conception allows to examine the technological component of the research culture of the future music master as such, that represents the methodology (methods, receptions, procedures, algorithms, charts, norms, standards, research logic) of receipt of scientific knowledge and gives an idea about organization of research process and implementation in the certain sequence of research executions, that in the totality (to the system) create technology of research activity, that corresponds to a certain culture and “scientific mentality”. The special value is acquired by creative approach in realization of research strategies in the sphere of musical and pedagogical education, as well as its main dominants – artistic, aesthetic and spiritual, creative. In this context the research activity of the music master must be examined as such, that is determined, on the one hand, by scientific norms, values and methodological reference-points, on the other hand, – by requirements and tasks of musical, pedagogical education, by its maintenance.
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Pedagogika nadziei

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EN
In the article, the author signals the need to develop the pedagogy of hope. It is the science of education which thought goes out into the future. Nowadays social sciences and the humanities function in the postmodern era. As a result, teachers have greater responsibility for the human world, in which they must be aware not only of the risk, but uncertainty and unpredictability of socio-political events, too. There is needed methodically reliable research workshop and the constant striving for truth.
PL
Autor sygnalizuje w artykule potrzebę rozwijania pedagogiki nadziei, a więc nauki o wychowaniu, której myśl wybiega w przyszłość. Nauki społeczne i humanistyczne funkcjonują w ponowoczesnej dobie, toteż przed pedagogami stoi większa odpowiedzialność wobec świata humanum, w którym muszą liczyć się z ryzykiem, nieoznaczonością, nieprzewidywalnością zdarzeń społeczno-politycznych. Konieczny jest zatem rzetelny metodologicznie warsztat badawczy i ustawiczne dążenie do prawdy.
PL
Autorzy prezentują międzynarodowe zamierzenie badawcze ETiK-International, którego początki sięgają dwóch zrealizownych w Uniwersytecie Humboldtów w Berlinie projektów – KERK i ETiK. W szczególności wyjaśniają: 1) genezę wymienionych dwóch projektów; 2) aktualną sytuację historyczno-społeczną, która zmusza w skali ogólnoświatowej do wprowadzenia do edukacji szkolnej przedmiotów traktujących o treściach moralno-etycznych i kształtujących odpowiednie kompetencje wśród uczniów; 3) przesłanki teoretyczne, które legły u podstaw opracowanej w projekcie ETiK koncepcji kompetencji moralno-etycznej; 4) uzyskane w wyniku badania empirycznego trzy skale kompetencyjne z odpowiednimi poziomami oczekiwań oraz 5) problemy badawcze przyświecające badaniu ETiK-International w poszczególnych krajach uczestniczących w zamierzeniu naukowym.
EN
The authors introduce the international ETiK’s research which origins lie in two projects – KERK and ETiK – carried out by Humboldt University of Berlin. The paper focuses mainly on: (1) the origins of the above mentioned projects; (2) current historical and social situation which forces schools all around the world to introduce subjects related to moral and ethical issues and to teach pupils adequate skills; (3) theoretical premises which were the basis of ETiK’s concept of moral and ethical skills; (4) three competence scales obtained through empirical study along with the relevant levels of expectations and (5) research problems of the ETiK-International study in different participant countries.
DE
Im Artikel analysieren die Autoren die Projektierung von Forschungen, die zum Zweck die experimentelle Verifizierung der didaktischen Nützlichkeit von multimedialen Programmen im Bereich der elektrischen Hausanlagen haben. Das pädagogische Forschungsgebiet soll die Grundschulen im autonomen Bezirk Banska Bystrica in der Slowakei umfassen.
EN
The paper deals with the teaching problem of compulsory subject Technology in lower secondary education. The authors analyse the problem briefly and hint as the possibility to design, make and experimentally verify a multimedia teaching aid target the electrical home appliances in planned pedagogical research in the city and country primary schools in autonomous region of Banska Bystrica.
PL
W artykule autorzy poddają analizie problematykę związaną z projektowaniem badań mających na celu eksperymentalną weryfikację przydatności dydaktycznej multimedialnych programów dydaktycznych w zakresie elektrycznych urządzeń domowych. Terenem badań pedagogicznych mają być szkoły podstawowe w autonomicznym regionie Bańskiej Bystrzycy na Słowacji.
EN
The aim of this article is to present a broader scope of nutrition education which includes the knowledge of sustainable development. Presenting such a perspective allows us to create a model of education that helps us shape conscious consumers. In the first part, I present theo- retical premises of the idea of sustainable development, along with its impact on the economy, ecology and society. Then I go on to discuss the theoretical approach to nutrition education and its use in early school education. The second part of this article presents a discussion on the methodology of the research carried out among third grade students of a primary school, which is based on the triangulation of survey and interview techniques, where the method of diagnostic survey is used. Then, I discuss the results of the survey and present the children’s statements. The results of the research are finally summed up with the recommendations of the students participating in the study. Finally, I present the evaluation of theoretical premises and research results, as well as their comparison with the results of the pedagogical experiment carried out in 2015.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest przedstawienie szerszego zakresu edukacji żywieniowej, w której ujęta zostaje wiedza z zakresu zrównoważonego rozwoju. Ujęcie takiej perspektywy pozwala na tworzenie modelu edukacji, kształtując świadomych konsumentów. W pierwszej części prezentuję teoretyczne założenia idei zrównoważonego rozwoju, prezentuję jej wpływ na ekonomię, ekologię i społeczeństwo. Następnie omawiam edukację żywieniową, ujęcie teoretyczne oraz wykorzystanie w edukacji wczesnoszkolnej. Druga część niniejszego wywodu to omówienie metodologii badań przeprowadzonych wśród uczniów klas trzecich szkoły podstawowej, która opiera się na triangulacji technik ankiety i wywiadu, gdzie wykorzystana zostaje metoda sondażu diagnostycznego. Kolejno omawiam wyniki przeprowadzo- nej ankiety oraz przedstawiam wypowiedzi dzieci. Podsumowaniem wyników badań są rekomendacje uczniów biorących udział w badaniu. Zakończeniem wywodu jest ewaluacja założeń teoretycznych i wyników badań oraz ich konfrontacja z wynikami eksperymentu pedagogicznego przeprowadzonego w 2015 roku.
PL
Artykuł koncentruje się na niezwykle aktualnym zagadnieniu diagnozy gotowości szkolnej dzieci. Osiągnięcie dojrzałości szkolnej przez najmłodszych jest procesem bardzo złożonym. Jeżeli pojawiają się przesłanki, że dziecko nie jest jeszcze przygotowane do rozpoczęcia swojej kariery szkolnej, należy przeprowadzić ocenę jego mocnych i słabszych stron we wszystkich możliwych obszarach. Na tej podstawie można podjąć działania umożliwiające dziecku wyrównanie braków i rozważyć odroczenie od realizacji obowiązku szkolnego. Tekst powstał z wewnętrznej potrzeby podzielenia się doświadczeniami i refleksjami własnymi autorki na wskazany temat. Poradnie psychologiczno-pedagogiczne przeżyły w drugim półroczu roku szkolnego 2013/2014 prawdziwe oblężenie rodziców pragnących zbadać swoje dziecko, które zgodnie z obowiązującym prawem powinno od września 2014 r. pójść do szkoły. W większości byli to opiekunowie sześciolatków urodzonych w pierwszej połowie 2008 r.W wielu przypadkach obawy rodziców okazały się uzasadnione. Jednak zdarzało się również, że spotkanie z pedagogiem i psychologiem pozwalało na upewnienie się, że przedszkolak jest przygotowany na nowe wyzwania. Tekst prezentuje wyniki badań własnych dotyczących diagnozy gotowości szkolnej dzieci. Ukazuje obszary, w których diagnozowane dzieci wykazywały trudności. Brano pod uwagę wiedzę i umiejętności z zakresu dużej i małej motoryki (w tym grafomotoryki), pracy analizatora wzrokowego i słuchowego, mowy, a także z obszaru matematyki. Uwzględniono również sferę umiejętności społeczno-emocjonalnych. Ważny punkt stanowiła ocena lateralizacji. Wyniki badań własnych ukazały wiele obszarów, w których część dzieci nie osiągnęła jeszcze pełnej gotowości szkolnej. Celem artykułu jest podkreślenie, jak wielka odpowiedzialność za los dziecka spoczywa na barkach diagnostów.
EN
This article focuses on the currently highly topical issue of the assessment of children’s readiness for schooling. The process by which a child arrives at the level of maturity required to commence schooling is an extremely complicated one. If there are indications that the child is not yet ready to start their school career, then a diagnostic assessment of their strengths and weaknesses in all possible areas should be carried out. On this basis it is possible to take steps to ensure that the child compensates for any gaps in their competencies, and one may consider delaying the implementation of compulsory education. The starting point for this text is an inner need to share the author’s experiences and reflections about the above topic. In the second half of the school year 2013/2014, our psychological and pedagogical consulting service experienced a major surge in the number of parents who wanted their children to be examined – children who, it was expected, would be sent to school from September 2014 onwards, as required by law. Above all, these included parents of children born in the first half of 2008. In many cases, the fears of such parents turned out to be justified. However, it was also the case that seeing a pedagogue and a psychologist allowed them to prepare their preschool children more effectively for the new challenges awaiting them. This text presents the results of research into the assessment of children’s readiness to attend schooling. It points out the particular areas in which the subjects who were assessed had difficulties. The research involved took account of knowledge and competence in respect of both large and smallscale motor skills, visual and auditory analysis, language and pronunciation, and mathematics. It also included the sphere of social-emotional competencies. The assessment of lateralization was an important point. Our research exposed numerous areas in which at least some of the childrenhad yet to reach a state of full and proper readiness for schooling. The article aims to highlight the responsibility that those engaged in making such assessments should be seen as having, with regard to safeguarding the future well-being of the children in question.
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