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Filoteknos
|
2020
|
issue 10
334-341
EN
The author of the article analyses Grażyna Bąkiewicz’s Jadwiga kontra Jagiełło, a historical novel for children about the life and time of Polish Queen Jadwiga (1374-1399). The novel is the first such publication in over 50 years; the last one being Jadwiga i Jagienka by Czesława Niemyska--Rączaszkowa). The article shows the tensions between biographical events, history, and historical tidings (historical news); and well as the syncretic form of the novel (narrative structure; comic book elements; the element of a dream to go back in time that may symbolically soon come true during a multimedia history lesson).
PL
After 2016, in Polish literature for children, there appeared a few significant books presenting childhood marked by the most current trauma, namely the experience of refugees. Reading these novels prompted me to ask important questions that I am trying to answer in this paper: How and for what purpose, should we discuss the subject of war trauma with children? How is refugee childhood presented in the analysed literature? How the analysed literature talks about the hardships of war exile refugee families and the “rebuilding” of the house and the whole world by them? I conducted an analysis and interpretation of books based on the assumptions of the concept of humanistic hermeneutics. Using the assumptions of intercultural education simultaneously, I paid attention to the sensitising potential of the analysed literature (development of empathy in the youngest, awakening of conscience, altruistic attitude, provoking discussion on how much we are attentive to the other person).
EN
The subject of the author's considerations are the controversies concerning sex education in Poland, resulting mainly from the clash of two discourses dominating public sphere the conservative one, connected with the Christian (mostly Catholic) world view, and the liberal one, promoting the multitude of visions of sexuality and lifestyles. The author reviews the most recent literature for the youngest readers tackling the subject of physicality (e.g. the bottom and the pooh), human sexuality (anatomy, masturbation), emotional relationships (kisses, dates, good and bad touch), and sexuality (e.g. LGBT, patchwork families). On this basis, it is considered to what extent the authors who break the taboo in their books (by daring narration, illustrations or the subject as such) take into account children's reading competencies, and what consequences it may possibly have for their emotional development.
PL
The article describes the use of metaphorical terms of plants in the nature calendars designed for children and young people of school age: Głos przyrody [Voice of Nature] by M. Kownacka and M. Kowalewska (vol. 1–2, 1963) and Razem ze słonkiem [Together with the Sun] by M. Kowalewska (vol. 1–6, 1975–1978). The role of metaphores in three areas is presented: 1) using “child’s cognition”, that is explaining natural phenomena with means referring to children’s imagination, 2) applying elements of humour and fun, 3) using poetic metaphors whose task was to build atmosphere and sublimity in the description of flora. The described stylistic treatments were to make the popular science texts more attractive to young readers, and they were to become the incentive for them to observe nature in parallel with reading adapted to the perception and needs – not only cognitive, but also emotional.
EN
The article analyses the way in which disability is portrayed in contemporary Polish literature for children, with a particular emphasis on the latest literature. Rosemarie Garland-Thomson’s theory of the baroque stare is applied in the analysis and allows the reconstruction of a network of stares in which the disabled are entangled, and also to reconstruct the place attributed to them in society. In a number of texts, a confrontation with onlookers turns out to be an introduction to a dialogue that gives a disabled person a chance to express their feelings and needs. However, the increasingly common portrayal of disability in the social category does not free literature from stereotypes.
EN
Tales from Shakespeare by Charles and Mary Lamb (1809) is one of the earliest examples of Shakespeare’s plays transformed into texts dedicated to the young readers. The procedures, which the authors used during the transposition of the works of Shakespeare, have become commonplace for this kind of activities and are noticeable even today – not only in the case of literary adaptations. The Lambs’ book consists of twenty short tales based on Shakespeare’s plays. This article’s aim is to discuss a few aspects of Lambs’ work: what the main aim the authors wanted to achieve was, how they referred to the perceptual abilities of the children and to the zeitgeist of nineteenth-century England, what tools they used to succeed – and what the effects of Lambs’ project were.
EN
An inclusive education updates the dialogue between the intact population and the disadvantaged population. Artistic literature can help at an early age already in the barriers removal that thematizes various types of disadvantaged people in society. In the introduction, the author briefly explains the topicality of inclusive education and outlines the purpose and methodological aspects of the work. The main part of the study analyses the portrayal of child character with somatic and social disadvantage in the contemporary literature for pre-school and younger school age (Alexandra Salmela: Mimi and Lisa, Gabriela Futová: About the Hairless, Peter Karpinský: Adela, do not even try it!). In the conclusion, the author confronts the selected texts in terms of: 1. the authenticity degree of psychological gripping of disadvantaged characters; 2. the attitude thematization of intact population to the disadvantaged characters; 3. levels and methods of literary thematized problem; 4. the educational text's potential in relation to the formation of accepting educational environment in pre-primary and primary education.
EN
The following article draws the reader’s attention to the symbolism of the wolf in culture and literature for children in a diachronic view. The author depicts significant changes in the image and appraisal of the animal. She has shown that the wolf has gone through a peculiar process of metamorphosis from degradation (it symbolized evil in classic folk fairy tales), to affirmation in contemporary Polish literature for young readers. The character of the wolf, especially in contemporary postmodernist fairy tales, gains new interpretations and a novel positive axiology. The wolf is mainly portrayed as a domesticated dog or a playing child, it is considered a man’s friend, or reflects the primal nature which requires protection and respect (pro-ecological views). Moreover, the texts which place the wolf in the context of contemporary culture, especially consumerism, seem to be equally interesting.
EN
Jaroslav Foglar (1907–1999, nicknamed „Jestřáb“ — „Hawk“) was a Czech scoutmaster and a prolific and influential author of novels, short stories, comics and practical guides for the youth. The article discusses motifs in his work and life that were influenced by contemporary folklore, Zeitungssagen, forteana and other similar genres. While Foglar was not an author of fantastic or supernatural prose and was strongly inclined to keep a skeptical stance in this manner, he was also able to successfully build an atmosphere of mystery in his literal works using aforementioned genres as an inspiration. Key topics discussed in the paper are roles and importance of staged hauntings in Foglar’s scout troop, appearance of various urban phantoms in his works and Foglar’s take on the story of disappearance of Charles Ashmore/Oliver Lerch/Olivier Thomas. These examples are further discussed in the context of scouts’ folklore, campfire legends and popular culture of the 20th century
Filoteknos
|
2019
|
issue 9
222–231
PL
Artykuł jest poświęcony problematyce zabawy oraz jej znaczeniu w kulturze, edukacji i życiu dziecka. Ogląd tematu zaproponowany przez autorkę artykułu jest zainspirowany teorią zabawy sformułowaną przez Roger Caillois and Jerzego Cieślikowskiego. Tekst stanowi próbę interpretacji książki Marii Terlikowskiej pt. “Drzewo do samego nieba”, której centralnym tematem jest zabawa. Dziecięcy bohaterowie bronią przed ścięciem drzewo rosnące na ich podwórku. Drzewo jest centrum ich świata. Pozornie prosta historia staje się przypowieścią o dorastaniu i dojrzewaniu do odpowiedzialności. Tym samym opowieść Terlikowskiej według badaczki traktuje o zastępowaniu przestrzeni paidii przestrzenią paidei.
EN
The article is devoted to the issues of play and its importance in culture, education and life of the child. The presentation of the subject proposed by the author of article is inspired by the play theory formulated by Roger Caillois and Jerzy Cieślikowski. The text is an attempt to interpret the book by Maria Terlikowska, Drzewo do samego nieba, in which play and fun play the most important role. The tree growing in the yard is the center of the world of children’s heroes who will have to defend them against cutting. A seemingly simple story becomes a parable about growing up and growing up to responsibility. In other words, it is a story about getting out of the paidia space into the space of paideia.
11
63%
EN
This article presents some themes in literature for children considered to be taboo, especially those within the areas of the sacred and the profane. The article draws attention to differences between traditional literature (including the magic fairy tale) and contemporary books in the treatment of subjects such as death, transience, and sexuality. It doing this it can be seen that these subjects have become more and more open to the child, something which is expressed in the acceptance of the child’s right to interpret even the most „difficult” concepts and the right to show her/his feelings. Modernity brings with it a tendency to cross barriers of taboo in almost every area, and the slogan „it is forbidden to forbid!” also applies to publications addressed to the youngest of children. This does not mean, however, that the child has unlimited access to all subjects, as s/he is limited by the barriers imposed by the person who serves as an intermediary in the reception of the work. Treating, or not treating, some spheres of reality as taboo for children depends on the chosen ideological options adopted by educators. breaking taboos in recent literature for children occurs in areas where educational discourses conflict, particularly when books touch upon the profane. It is worth noting that works within the themes of the sacred and the profane are equally important because they show the „completeness” of the reality in which children’s reflections on life and their sense of humor are complementary to each other.
EN
A journey as a component of rites of passages in Kornel Makuszyński’s novels for girls The article is an attempt to present the theme of a journey in Kornel Makuszyński’s three novels for girls considered as a component of rites of passage. As scholars claim, novel for girls has an initiatory nature, because their aim is to prepare readers for their future women’s roles. Therefore, discussing them in rites of passage context seems justified. There are a few elements of rites of passage, such as greeting or farewell. Their presence in Kornel Makuszyński’s novels in combination with change which happens to the characters, may testify to their passage nature. Also, the destinations of girls’ journeys is significant for the epoque in which the novels were written as well as for the author’s biography. Zakopane in particular was a very special place for Makuszyński. Its presence in his novels is by no means accidential and the fact that it generates a change in one of the character’s life, is meaningful. In each novel there are at least two journeys; the first one makes a prelude to the main one, long and mostly solitary , which may be a component of rites of passage.
EN
This work is the teacher’s reflection on the relationship between literature and children’s art. Its purpose is to show that poems are an important element of education and should be used by teachers in shaping the students’ personality and developing their imagination.
EN
I am reviewing the monography elaborated by Anna Józefowicz Images of childhood in Polish children’s prose of the 21st century. In the search of educational contexts (2020). The publi-cation consists of an introduction, 12 chapters, the ending and the bibliography. The author made the latest children’s prose as the source of the analysis which was addressed to prima-ry school pupils at the 1st and 2nd stage of education. For the analysis and interpretation, the author selected over 140 publications. The research conducted by the author was qualita-tive and interdisciplinary.
EN
The literary and real journey to the Himalaya – the teaching aspects of the book „PSYgoda na czterech łapach. Diuna w Himalajach” written by Agata Włodarczyk and its prototype The article is an attempt to present the theme of a journey of two people with their dog to India and the Himalaya mountains, which were discribed in two books of the same authors. This story was written in two versions: for children and adults. The first version can be used to educate young people how to take a journey into the heart of Himalayas, in case of necessity travelling with a dog. The children can learn, how long is the checklist of things to prepare before and during a journey like this and how to accept the responsibility for the safety of a dog. In both books appear a phenomenon of the canine instincts of breed Chechoslovakian Wolfdog, such as guarding or herding behavior, that has saved the main protagonist from death.
EN
The following article depicts the character and symbolism of St. Christopher in culture and literature for children diachronically.The author has analyzed selected hagiographic legends, fairy tales, and short stories from the nineteenth, twentieth and twenty-first centuries with reference to the medieval canonical text of The Golden Legend. This comparative method has allowed the author to sketch out the transformations of the le-gend of St. Christopher as well as the similarities and differences between the analyzed works.The changes in the image of St. Christopher in children’s literature are determined by pedagogical motives and the need to protect children from images of cruelty and Christ’s mar-tyrdom
PL
Tematem przedłożonego artykułu są rozważania dotyczące aksjologicznego aspektu wychowania literackiego na przykładzie toposu królewny. Przedmiotem badań uczyniono postać królewny ‒ bohaterki literatury dziecięcej w jej aspekcie archetypowym, pojmowanej jako topos literatury dziecięcej. W omówieniu zwrócono uwagę na istotę podejmowania problematyki wartości w wychowaniu literackim dziecka. Nawiązano do różnych koncepcji wychowania (C. Freinet, M. Montessori, H. Read, J. Korczak, S. Szuman), wskazując, że w praktycznym zastosowaniu istnieją trudności w egzekwowaniu ich podstawowych zasad. Autorka zaakcentowała funkcję nośnika wartości jako istotną w wychowaniu literackim. Wskazała na ważną rolę archetypów oraz toposów literatury dziecięcej. Istotne znaczenie aksjologicznej funkcji literatury dla dzieci zaprezentowano na przykładzie archetypowego wzorca bohaterki utworów literatury dla dzieci – królewny, jako nośnika wartości rozumianych przez dzieci najmłodsze. Autorka odniosła się do kategorii literatury dla dzieci Jerzego Cieślikowskiego, teorii archetypów literatury dziecięcej Alicji Baluch, zjawisk antropologii kultury (J.G. Frazer, W. Propp), elementów psychoanalizy (B. Bettelheim, C.P. Estés, P. Péju). Tekst ma charakter teoretyczny i stanowi wprowadzenie do szerszych rozważań.
EN
ABSTRACT The presented article focuses on some thoughts on the subject of the axiological aspect of literary education based on the example of a traditional theme or literary convention of the princess (topos). The subject matter of the research is the figure of the princess – a children’s literature character - in her archetypal aspect seen as a typical topos of children’s fiction. Attention has been paid to attempts at raising the problem of certain values in children’s literary education. The author examines diverse perspectives concerning education (C. Freinet, M. Montessori, H. Read, J. Korczak, S. Szuman) pointing that there are many problems when it comes to the enforcement of its basic rules or assumptions. The author also accentuates an important function of carrying and presenting some values in literary education. To present this issue clearly, the important role of the archetypes and topoi of children’s literature has been emphasized. The important meaning of the axiological function of literature for children is illustrated by means of the example of the archetypical model of a hero-princess in children’s literature as a carrier of values understood especially by younger children. The author refers to the category of literature for children by Jerzy Cieślikowski, the theory of archetypes in children’s fiction by Alicja Baluch, issues of cultural anthropology (J.G. Frazer, W. Propp ) as well as to certain psychoanalytical aspects (B. Bettelheim, C. P. Estés, P. Péju). The text is of a theoretical nature and something of an introduction to further deliberation.
PL
Tematem artykułu jest historia teatralnej recepcji twórczości literackiej Janusza Korczaka (Henryka Goldszmita) (1878 lub 1879–1942) w polskim teatrze w latach 1931–2021, od prapremiery dramatu Senat szaleńców w 1931 r. w Teatrze Ateneum w Warszawie po najnowsze inscenizacje. W analizie uwzględniono też adaptacje trzech powieści Korczaka dla dzieci: Król Maciuś Pierwszy, Król Maciuś na wyspie bezludnej (pierwodruk – 1923 r.) i Kajtuś czarodziej (najstarsza edycja – 1935 r.). Autor pisze o realizacjach z teatrów dramatycznych i lalkowych z różnych polskich miast, a także o jednej baletowej, przywołuje inscenizacje oraz adaptacje radiowe i telewizyjne powieści Korczaka. Zwraca też uwagę na zalety i słabości inscenizacji, jak również na metody ich promocji. Omawia przyczyny małego zainteresowania twórców teatralnych sztuką Senat szaleńców i zastanawia się, dlaczego chętniej adaptują oni książki pisarza dla dzieci. Materiał badawczy wykorzystany w artykule to głównie źródła – publikacje prasowe, plakaty i fotografie teatralne, w mniejszym stopniu wspomnienia, w jednym wypadku – nagranie radiowe. Opracowania naukowe i popularyzatorskie przydatne w kwerendzie oraz przywołane w bibliografii i przypisach to publikacje na temat biografii Janusza Korczaka i historii polskiego teatru. Zagadnienie badawcze ma podwójnie rocznicowy charakter. W 1931 r., czyli ponad 90 lat temu, odbyła się prapremiera sztuki Senat szaleńców, a w 2022 r. mija 80. rocznica tragicznej śmierci Korczaka oraz dzieci i części pracowników z jego warszawskiego sierocińca.
EN
The subject of the article is the history of the theatrical reception of Janusz Korczak's (Henryk Goldszmit) (1878 or 1879–1942) literary works in Polish theatre in 1931- 2021, from the premiere of the drama Senat szaleńców in 1931 at the Ateneum Theatre in Warsaw to the most recent productions. The author also includes adaptations of three of Korczak's novels for children: Król Maciuś Pierwszy, Król Maciuś na wyspie bezludnej (first printing - 1923) and Kajtuś czarodziej (oldest edition – 1935). The author writes about productions from dramatic and puppet theatres from various Polish cities, as well as about one ballet theatre, evoking staging, radio and television adaptations of Korczak's novels. It highlights the advantages and disadvantages of the parts of the staging, as well as the methods of promoting them. The reasons behind the low interest of theatre artists in the play The Senat szaleńców and the fact that they willingly adapt the writer's books for children are discussed. The research material used in the article is mainly sources – press publications, posters and theatrical photos, to a lesser extent memoirs, and in one case a radio recording. Scientific and popularizing studies, useful in the query and cited in the bibliography and footnotes, are publications on the biography of Janusz Korczak and the history of Polish theatre.
EN
The author of the article, using the term “pedagogy” taken from the publications of Zbigniew Kwieciński and Bogusław Śliwerski, discusses the pedagogical aspects of Artur Daniel Liskowacki’s work for children. The main goal of Liskowacki’s pedagogy is education for participation in culture and the implementation of educational goals related to early school Polish education. According to the author, Liskowacki’s pedagogy is clearly connected with the subjectivity of the child and his creativity, it fits into the framework of intersemiotic translation, it develops a child’s tendency to artistic and linguistic activities. The article is a review, it is a preview of a monograph in the field of literary pedagogy and pedagogy of creativity.
PL
Autorka artykułu, posługując się terminem „pedagogia” zaczerpniętym z publikacji Zbigniewa Kwiecińskiego i Bogusława Śliwerskiego, omawia pedagogiczne aspekty twórczości Artura Daniela Liskowackiego dla dzieci. Głównymi celami jego pedagogii są edukacja do uczestnictwa w kulturze oraz realizacja celów wychowawczych związanych z wczesnoszkolną edukacją polonistyczną. Pedagogia Liskowackiego, zdaniem autorki, wiąże się ewidentnie z podmiotowością dziecka i jego kreatywnością, wpisuje się w ramy przekładu intersemiotycznego, rozwija dziecięcą skłonność do działań artystycznych i językowych. Artykuł ma charakter przeglądowy, jest zapowiedzią monografii z zakresu pedagogiki literatury i pedagogiki twórczości.
EN
The presented considerations refer directly to two different, and not necessarily consistent, creations of Moominvalley, presented in the Moomins magazine and in comic albums, in the form of a collection of illustration strips by Tove Jansson which were published regularly in the Evening News. This article is an attempt at analysing and comparing the Moomin worlds presented in selected Polish magazines and comic books. To systematize these considerations and carry out an efficient and clear analysis of particular interpretative layers and planes, this text is divided into sections, devoted among others to the theoretical sphere, being a collection of information on the Moomin comic strips in Polish magazines and albums, and the methodological sphere, comprising a description of the way of structuring the ponderations and analysing the study material. They are crowned with conclusions which attempt to define and identify the age of the prospective readers of the analysed illustration sequences and promise to start interpretative endeavours related to the remarkable comic strips by the Finnish writer and illustrator, also known as the Moomin Mum.
PL
Prezentowane rozważania, dotyczą w sposób bezpośredni dwóch odmiennych i niekoniecznie spójnych kreacji Doliny Muminków, zwizualizowanych na łamach czasopisma „Muminki” oraz w albumach komiksowych, powstałych jako koherentny zbiór rysunkowych pasków, autorstwa Tove Jansson, publikowanych systematycznie w „Evening News”. Niniejszy artykuł stanowi zatem próbę zanalizowania i porównania dostępnych światów muminkowych, ukazanych w wybranych polskich czasopismach i komiksach. W celu usystematyzowania rozważań oraz dokonania sprawnej i przejrzystej analizy poszczególnych warstw i płaszczyzn interpretacyjnych niniejszy tekst został podzielony na części, dotyczące między innymi sfery teoretycznej, stanowiącej zbiór informacji na temat muminkowych komiksów w polskich czasopismach i albumach oraz sfery metodologicznej, obejmującej opis sposobu porządkowania rozważań i dokonywania analizy materiału badawczego. Rozważania zwieńczone zostały podsumowaniem, stanowiącym niejako próbę zdefiniowania i określenia wieku potencjalnego odbiorcy analizowanych sekwencji obrazkowych oraz obietnicę podjęcia interpretacyjnych przedsięwzięć w przypadku nietuzinkowych komiksów, autorstwa pisarki i ilustratorki fińskiej, nazywanej Mamą Muminków.
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